1. What
do intended with Church Music, or Gerejawi's Music?
2. Existence
ala if there is Music Gerejawi and Non Gerejawi? If really available, what is
its existence is clear deep shaped musikal's physical structure, or in style,
or in its function?
3. If
that Gerejawi's Music there is, what is that thing really quite a needful, and
if truth needful why, and what it of that music needful one.
4. If
that Gerejawi's Music quite a available, therefore whereabouts Gerejawi's Music
relationship with Rock Music, Pop, Classic, Etnik, Jazz, etc..?
5. What
do intended with Etnik's Music? What do intended with Traditional Music? What
its of that music that music causative at conceive of music etnik?
6. What
do intended with Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik's Music, and what do intended with
music that beratmosfir etnik to about observance Gerejawi?
7. Any
kind base which becomes grapple in purpose and Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik's
Music implement, so that Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik's Music quite a can, may,
even has to be utilized deep about observance and deep current mission mission?
8. What
is Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik's Music gets universal character or just the
favor mission evangelisasi in the context particular after reach aim about
observance Church?
Element
song in divine have so long potbound in worship humaning to its The Infinite. That
is why song is one of prescriptive divine element and leading character and
to the effect worship. In tribal religion robs, that
worship is more a lot of self-assertive slugs instrumental voice espoused by
dances (tortor). Demonstration, movement, hearts express body and
diharmonisasikan's man think in lilting slug, according to title tortor that
requested to pass on that religion libation. That repression thing we meet in
parties.
Jemaat
in indentured So Long and New agreement to be coloured by repression song to
praise God. Since our Cloth offspring
mengetahuai that Yubal is Bapa everybody that play lute and transverse flute .
Herein we see music as elemental as culture all the time. Man successfuling to
bear bagpipes for cast on mind and its feel. They start menganal what that
beautiful voice, one that mengena in pass on something to whatever available
its outboard. Singing to God again and again we find in Long Time
agreement, one that as nations typical character God (To l 15:21; I. Taw
16:19; Mzm 68:32; 91:1 - 2; 98:1; Yes 42:10; Yer 20:13).
Singing
for God do ever be figured as address devoting that is done in divine or be
done individualized one pursuanting to its Creator (I. Taw 16:32; Mzm 13:6;
96:1; 104:33). But, form such that repression is differentiated of invocation
at heart . Person singing gets at a swoop ahead person (Ay 33:27), or is
before person that tortures her. In
this case singing person task aims to give witness (mzm 137:3 - 4).
There
are many God's someone or nation aim singing.
They reveal / glorify and praise God or its name (Mzm 69:31; 106:12) as one of ministering and their accountability
each time, well on hard times and also on hobby term.
They
had up on Allah with its subservient face and with song (Mzm 95:2 ). Are not bungling human menhadap God without
impeccable heart. And without raise voice who can besought something that they
needs or they pass on utterance sign fortunately for conduct sign The
Infinite saving or blessing that comes up they (1 Taw 16:7 ). Over there they
experience faithful love and guidance law that good for their family life (Mzm
101:1 ) . Pushed by fantastic God
conduct cause man to express on mind and its feel as sign as gratitude or more
application sign (Bdk Mzm 145:5 ). And so do in fill someone promise
accomplishment passes on too its song (Mzm 119:172) . On one's side other
we see to sentence song passed on by sesorang / nation in order to comfort
a broken heart, downhearted and isolated person (Yes 53:3; Yer 30:19) .
Herein song was viewed as by cure human soul. No wonder we if this full age
arise human soul cure and pro psychology by use of melodious song that mengena
goes to inwardly which most deep, one that gets to appease soul or think that
convulsively.
God's nation
attitude in term enter portal, to innocent couplet backyard every thing that
can be adjoined by song fortunately or praise (mzm 100:4 ).
We see that
so-called song new song for God (Mzm 33:3; 96:1; Yes 42:10; Why 5:19).
So long song, at variance with song God's wish, that don't mengena with its
heart, end song with death, differentiated by new song that give life and
expectancy that berkenaan with God. That praise on end until jemaat first (Mate
26:30; Mrk 14:26; Kis 16:25). That song give new force for peopled believer,
the infinite crane with their each time.
In Ef 5:19 and
Kol 3:16 also so-called over and above hymn song available spiritual
song, one that as individuality
jemaat first in arranges devoting, as sign as christ talk kept quiet by nerada
between they. There are many conjugation of chairman of jemaat mengartikan nats
at Efesus and Kolose previously. From there we see that that song constitute
divine life element that become essence to fill christian person requirement or
jemaat. Force that evoked by that song its coming of Holy Spirit, one that fill
Christ present in life / someone heart and moves its faith. That is why we find
nats is peopled active devout one singing (Kis 4:20). Power (legitimasi) one
that at dropped upon in that song menunjukan character or person character that
sings.
Basic and that
song content of Christ Decree that ranges all ministering element and safety
mean that is revealed in that song. That is why force and power of one song
lies in language / knotted decree deep that song.
Song can
function to teach, advise, arranging witness beside praises God. Reciprocal
influence of one song among teaches and witness get to walk at the same time.
Ynag becomes question for us, what all our song peals about conduct God, and
what functions to teach, advise, witness etc.. Or functioning for cast ourself.
We find that
that song are done are not only by our own mouth, but with heart (Ams 25: 20),
with kindness mind (I. Choir 14:15) or with whole our soul, as invocation (Neh
11:17). Heart role, kindness mind and all this our life that as key or
prescriptive if that our song original and clear (purification). There are many
irregardless singing person aforesaid elements, since just emphasizes mimik,
power puts hand out, lip power, but gets the run around thing that most deep of
sensory and that heart of men is alone. Of singing person character gets to be
seen if she merrymaking or not (Yak 5:13), are not just melody voice that needs
to be sounded off (Mzm 26:7 ).
In Bible can be
found, where is that song place is sounded off. There is in innocent couplet,
but there is also that at strange nation region (Mzm 137:4 ), on distraught person
place (Mate 11:17), on evenings (Yes 30:29; Mzm 42:9 ), but there is also
daylong singing person, one that fill its life. They are singing are not sja
because feel which is pressed at heart / its life, but also been moved by God's
power strength that concern fair act of god for all mankind.
In long time
agreement, we also find secular song are next at at the and interpreted with
God's Decree (Yes 5; Mzm, King) etc.. In that song ought to God which are
glamourized, non-human. Amos's prophet criticism very clear to fraught party
songs, but its people heart, its society situation doesn't figure life fact
everyday, bnd. Am 5:23 - 24; Yes 1:12 - 17; Yer 7:1 - 7; Yeh 33:32; dyb; Yes
5:11.
Vocalic song
combine with tradition tool or modern tool are also become church task to be
educed this adult. Luther emphasizes just how the importance for that music is
renewed perpetual, as as function theologia who shall be wrestled to fill
faith, appreciation and our service task. Phenomenal Mujizat by lessing eye is a
prey to than ear hearing. Bible in shaped music gets to draw near us each time.
That Rm's cause 10:17 really determine deep forwarding Decree God pass through
ears, one that gets at at the by music. Hereafter terminologicals Luther music
as creature God who show her / pribedinya in what the so called “ Frae Musica
”. All the time creature God She have available, It is that of safety carrier
and hobby news of that creature is alone that is application God that big deep
that creature.
1.
What do intended with church music,
or Gerejawi's music?
To
get answers what do intended with Gerejawi's Church Music or Music, firstly
ought to we understand what do intended with CHURCH. On its reality Church is
God's people partnership that devout to BAPA PUTERA and Holy Spirit. And since
Christ, via its Holy Spirit lighting, Church admits, that Allah is Bapa creator
and heaven preserver and all therewith content universe it, and since Christ
too, therefore avowed Church as children God. So that intended with church music
is all music which be utilized and expressed by Church in order to reveal its
faith, well in application form, repression, praise, etc.. also music which is
utilized in order to reach aim about observance its namely, unite in Holy
Spirit with God's Father-god universe creator. Outside of means and that aim,
therefore one music at conceive of Music Non Gerejawi.
2.
Existence ala if there is Music
Gerejawi and Non Gerejawi? If really available, what is its existence is clear
deep shaped musikal's physical structure, or in style, or in its function?
Physically
musikal, on its reality Church Music no, whatever available only what do at
conceive of music. Are clear, that position “ Gerejawi's Music ” is not on its
music one eye, but then on its function. Music Gerejawi can tangible
instrumentalia, and can also tangible vocalic music. In music instrumentalia
can be heard, how is that music helps an about observance, one that of course
it so pending of context that gets observance, so aim about observance namely,
people can be at one with God in Christ Spirit can be reached. In vocalic
music, church music terminology can be seen deep loading poem one song.
Clear,
that music something is said as Gerejawi's Music or not, more on function or
its utilised. Besides, each that function really been adjusted by people
context: Living view, In it culture contained wonts, Thinking, Feel, and wish
that every thing really regards behavior, and patterned thinking. That is why
in the context discussion regarding Music Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik this that
as cynosure we are ASSOCIATION . Each man have its alone association to
what does be seen, heard, and is felt, and all it really been regarded by
kontekstual's background as one is interposed up the stairs. Therefore, in the
context our talk this, must been realised, that we can't and may not thrust
wish, patterned thinking or our taste pattern to others, just that have in the
mind been imbedded and heart we are attitude understand and each other
understand, why is they are fond will particular music and why they bad blood
will particular music. Such, with this grasp necessarily we are in agreement,
that no music of religion or dedominasi whatever the better of religion or
denominasi any other, whatever available only that our music variably . To
us one music can take in us to khusuk's atmosphere but divides others can just
music that just troubles about observance, such contrariwise.
3.
If that Gerejawi's Music quite a
available, therefore whereabouts Gerejawi's Music relationship with rock music,
Pop, Classic, Etnik, Jazz, etc..?
Of
description upon, are clear, that we can't compare among church music and
musics as rock music, Jazz, Pop, Classic, Etnik, since pembandingan it wide of
the mark, its mean both is not thing to be weighed with. For example, what the
difference between eating tool with skim, fork, saucer, etc.. Be clear church
music position is on its function, since its position available on its music
IDE, and that music problem are its style only. So, can just Church Music get
classical style, Jazz, Pop, Etnik, Rock, etc.. BUT, in mission, obviously we
has to notice segment, because there is people would be convenient gets observance
to utilize Jazz's classy music, but other people just disrupted, such available
people suits in style etnik, but other not, there is would be convenient with
music genre Robs, but there is would be convenient with Papuan music genre.
Herein needful good music orderer, get extensive Theology knowledge,
understanding psychology, having musikal's aesthetic knowledge that
komprehensif, at a swoop penyaji good music, to be able to choose music in
point appropriate people context, so aim about observance get perfectly been
reached.
4.
Specially what do intended with
Etnik's Music? What do intended with Traditional Music? And What Do intended
with Region Music? What its of that music that music causative at conceive of
music etnik?
We
will find a number concept hit Etnik's Music and Traditional Music, but in this
chance I utilize concept, that intended one with Traditional Music is all music
entah comes into the world of local region culture or its coming from outside
and be accepted its society, so that music gets life, on the defensive, can be
felt as music of that region. There is even that intended with Music Etnik is
music that gives typical atmosfir one reflects atmosfir's specification society
soul. In music composition, it can be seen deep implemented and element
empowerment systems musikal. Element and element empowerment system will result
atmosfir's specification one music. Therefore, since its specification,
therefore atmosfir that music as in contrast to atmosfir Etnik's Music another.
In vocalic music, usually etniknya's music have herculean relationship with
local lingual dialect, since has strong cords among element suprasegmental
language with musikalnya's sound movement. Even, I say it, that generally
etnik's vocalic music constitutes no nonsense pengekspresian, or glorification,
or pendramatisasian of element suprasegmental language.
So
terminological I that intended with traditional am alround one be engaged
process tradisionalisasi and not in reference to esensi of that music is alone.
There is even that slated with etnik's terminology more on esensi musikalnya.
Such gets even there is one music type be looked on as music traditional of
various region, but then for etnik's music, usually just proprietary or just
constitute specification of one etnik. Need comprehended also, that etnik's
terminology in contrast to region or region. Region terminology more on one
teritorial's limitation, meanwhile etnik more on culture character, even view
lives, so gets region even etnik melebih or ranging a number territorial zone.
There
is even terminologicals me, no so-called region music. What available Jakarta
music, music Skidders, Field music? Music don't be engaged territorial zone but
then in reference to ethnicity. One that is known is music Rob, Minahasa's
music, Javanese music, Sunda's music, etc.. we shall differentiate among music
terminology (etnik) and Music “ at ”, Music etnik is music that beratmosfir and
characterised given, meanwhile music “ at ” is music those are on one region or
music that mentradisi at one region.
5.
What do intended with Gerejawi
Kontekstual Etnik's Music, and what do intended with music that beratmosfir
etnik to about observance Gerejawi?
Are
clear, that intended one with Music Gerejawi Kontekstual Etnik is music that is
created for Church requirement that beratmosfir etnik. In its composition, that
music has to be set corresponds to principles (theory) etnik's music and has to
notice its ASSOCIATION for people. That its cause, that music has to constitute
new composition, and is not song or existing music then stuck by new poem.
CHURCH
MUSIC HISTORY
Christian
church is begun as a Jewish sect. 1 Dance and paean as hymn
constitutes one of part of recognised Jew observance everyone that wonted visit
Allah Couplet at Yerussalem on first century while Christian sect starts
amends. 2
Church music experiences developing history that long. Until
churches music tenth century a lot of developed by verbal, since that time
haven't available music notation. That is why for Gregorian's song its
developing unegual at region sort.
With its amends music polifon since 11th century, most composes various
shaped special new music for chorus, so beside liturgi's music , come into the world also usable
interval song in liturgi . Music profan
one that quality being divorced from keagamaan's music happening new since
17th century . Pius x 4 in Motu Proprio - the
Tra Le Sollectudine year 1903 differentiates among Church Musics and
Music Sacra. Musica Sacra
equalled by Gregorian's music as styled as ideal and clean. According to
pattern this is all music in renewed Church.
Most verily, No music which can call Kristiani's observance music.
Song Gregorian is Greece culture song inheritance, hymns from St. Ambrosius
constitute processings of profan's songs 4th centuries of European South-east.
So too Middle Age anthem constitute culture processing (quality song) of 14th
century until with 18th century. So that all this time reputed as typical as
Gerejani as khidmad, peace, real clean is trifling person attitude that gets
observance, are not trifling type / form / music character. But Christian
person attitude others terminological epoch and place, therefore music liturgi
also different terminological epoch and place. 5
In Catholic Church scope, well-nigh observance equals liturgi, one
that often been called Churches official observance . Church observance
terminology emphasizes on external cult aspect from liturgi, namely ceremony
and u another divine, one that did by God's people as Body Of Jesus Christ
Mystic that arranged by hierarchical ala namely in an official way and before
inviolate people common The Infinite, thank and declare for faith to her. 6
In life Christian person knockabout doesn't perform as churchman,
but if they congregate on behalf its mean Christ as christendom they form and
act as Church, as organ of Christ. All activity profan (secular) all
day-to-day life to be taken in to hadapan God, purified and diperteguh in
observance. Therefore observance, notably eucharistic constitute clearest faith
expression as basic and top all Allah activity (bdk g 11 and 26). In extensive
mean, observance ranges divine form miscellaneous with, e.g. the word
observance, observance seven Jesus the word at Crucify, praise etcetera. So gets to be said that observance
constitutes an unity, all element which as music and also is not music be
concerned by the one with another one. Therefore Kristiani's observance music
can't divorce from person place congregates, of development Church
(architecture), of fine arts, language, gesture, music and dance.
In Konsili Vatikan II. (1963 - 1965), direlativasi's
Church Music mean by says Church Music presumably get clean becoming hand in
glove relationship it with observance ceremony. Music blessing, invocation expression
is made more visceral, taste one heart of people gets to be manured, and clean
ceremony are enriched with greater solemn taste . 7 Liturgi's music Church
on each place which variably experiences inkulturasi with local culture . Since Konsili Vatikan
II., with clear in fomentations resounding Catholic Churches that Church
exposes oneself and accept local culture elements in as much as that culture
elements not prinsipil's ala leaves behind by Catholic dogma. 11 That confidence available affinity among
religion and culture has made compulsory Catholic Church for faithful listen
culture whisper. Wider another liabilities is subject to be merefleksikan and
contemplates process be formed by it interaction culturizes man. That
liabilities constitute first phase of processes inkulturasi. This inkulturasi's
process can see as trip of the one culture wend another culture. Religion and
also Kristianitas finally is part of man culture. 12 To the effect inkulturasi liturgi is liturgi's
cast or celebration Church in procedure and all the way atmosphere in harmony
with taste goal culturizes people that gets observance. With simpler word, to
the effect inkulturasi it that people that follow wonder-stricken observance by
song, invocation, device or decoration, and ceremony, since all lovely
terminological estimation which is used in life knockabout culture.
Basic from inkulturasi is mark sense that trust even culture
indirectly (over man) created by God, therefore it well marks sense. And that
consciousness imperfect culture because available also stray man possible,
(e.g.: God were viewed as by God that remained deep treed, custom indoors, one
that charges sesaji, one that anger if a decision it is not is accomplished).
Therefore inkulturasi just maybe via atonement process (there is culture
element that shall be left to be able to encounter with God). 13
Felt
by current society music trend that gets reputed sekularistis needs road map
already be patternized deep inkulturasi musics in liturgi to build liturgi's
music that gets wight. By realises that liturgi's music constitutes a part
functional deep liturgi, therefore Church looks on to need be arranged
institute which handle liturgi's music problem well that gets international
scale, national, and also smaller scale again.
Universa Laus is one international agency for church music.
Instituted on year 1966 at Europe on initiative of Catholic Church figure with
Christian Church anothering to studies and work through music problem in
liturgi. Effort jetty dot this lays in liturgi's update
from Konsili Vatikan II.. Therefore historical problem, teologis, pastoral, and
technical about music in observance constitutes subject in working meeting and
arranged congress by Universa Laus as almost each year. Year 1980 job result of last years to be
formulated with deep opus writes as grapple for staged next. Even available
difference between states in church music tradition and music culture, but
perceived by that church music essence same. 14
Indonesia has alone music tradition that big its mean in life gets
religion and societal. Therefore properly liturgi's music ditumbuhkembangkan
Indonesian via processes inkulturasi so people was helped to find its id as
people that devout Indonesian with its culture background typical one. (bdk KL
119). 15 That culture cans be inkulturasi's source liturgi's music
therefore traditional music shall live. For moribund traditional music have as
been reanimated profan's custom music as tradition that typical one constitutes
floor for formative succeeding (inkulturasi).
Even Church gets universal character, but de facto local bishop with its people which present
Church manifestly. Therefore bishop father with liturginya's commission is in
control of life and liturgi's music developing in territorial keuskupan that
pertinent. In this case collaboration with keuskupan any other straightforward
and also under Musics sexy coordination Liturgi KWI's Commission so encouraged.
So too cooperative with gallery or Liturgi's Music Center in keuskupan own or
another keuskupan.
HISTORY
AND LITURGI'S MUSIC DEVELOPING CHURCH
BEFORE
UPDATE TERM
1. Premiere
church music
Music constitutes a part life deep primal social secular person
Hebrew. They don't differentiate among spiritual life and secular. Their music
life grows from men soul that its knockabout life managed by their religion.
According to Jewish writing collection that written by bible writing afters,
Salomo's king gets married with dowered Egyptian woman as 1000 music
equipments. 19 Christian religion background in its relationship with main source
which is jewish religion becomes startup to speak liturgi's sources (observance
manner) Gerejawi's christian and music.
“After sings paean, go Jesus and students it go to Olive hills.”
So Matius's Bible news 26:30 and Markus 14:26 about last supper which arranged
by Jesuses and its student. This banquet basically gets Jewish Paschal banquet
form so end with Hallel's song namely Hymns 114 until 118. This is startup of
Christian observance music that is drawned out in Premiere Church observance. 20
In Antic Greece myth music is looked on as creature of davit or
demigod. There is that assumption music has fantastic power that can perfect
body and man soul, and making your ’ jizat in universalizes natural . As well as in Hebrew tradition, in Antic Greece tradition even
music can't divorce from keagamaan's ceremonies, e.g. bagpipe Iyra relates with
flow Apollo , Aulos get bearing with bagpipe dionysus. 21 In Hebrew music, poem
and song is said more essential of its music and its more song is emphasized to
follow fairly heave of poem and accent between that word. Christian generation originally utilize
long time Jew songs for their repression .
Its
mean, indigenous Premiere church music shaped observance song as it were is
done in sinagoge Jew . Since haven't available music notation
on that epoch, this song improvisations passing amends a solis. At the time
draw near Long Time agreement final, entering Christ epoch, the jews lets ala
amends repression free hand. In New indentured term, apostles Jesus keeps on
wont as jew by follow observance at Innocent Couplet at Yerussalem / Sinagoge.
Longs Time indentured psalter which do ever be sung deep Jewish observance and
new songs that praise Jesus in shaped as hymn becomes liturgi's basic that is
sung in early Christian observance. Church music Premiering to drawn out Jewish
observance song tradition and also music tradition of Palestinian and its
vicinity.
2. Church
Music term Look For its Id Until developing Period On Century x
Begin Churches i. century be scattered until south Europe area. At
inheritances effloresce Rome Premiere Church. Since century IV. besides solis
available too schola . 22 So most makes way for song
is richer will art. At Milano,
Effloresce North italian shaped new song that pioneered by St. Ambrosius (333 -
397). In martial against Arian's nation (386), it often being boxed in deep
Church with its people. Then it coaches them easy song are sung together. The first,
hymn or eulogy namely song gets couplet with new poem is not
of clean book. Secondly is antiphon's song, refren that at rebetween Hymn
sentences. 23
Hymn music genre comes from Syria who is taken in goes to Western
Europe on century IV., then developed by St. Ambrosius accords culture and
local the need . A current adjusted form
recognised with inkulturasi's terminology. Happening subject developing Rome.
Since century IV. observance celebration is celebrated in an official way in
basilica church, no longer cover-up in catacomb. Until century VI lush effloresce
observance song, Gregorius's pope Grand (590 - 604) perceive to need manages
it, then comes into the world song Gregorian . This song continually
effloresce, as tradition and century church music backbone pertengaha n. At
tone Northern Europes melisma one
that loaded length with new poem, tropus
and sekuensi . 24
Until
century x effloresce music as tradition of oral as jemaat's music, sung in
Latin language and apprehended by all people.
3.
Church music In Middle Age Term
(1000 - 1400)
About year 1000 changed happenings in church music. At notations
developed Europe music, for need didactic . Song Gregorian viewed as by obligatory inheritance, so
becomes daring komponis as to establish music Polifon one that gilt-edged. Therefore comes into the
world new look church music, Organum .
On century XII at Paris, Prancis is school amends Notre is Dame with tall ritmik art, then with motetus and conductus one that included Ars Antiqua. On
14th century to be utilized ars Nova as notation new. 25
That time, church music becomes music klerikal , 26 jemaat becomes passive because singer and
chorus just exist at seminary and abbey . It makes
Church again and again issue regulation about observance music, but fact in
conflict with that expected. Therefore since Priests XIII century have to utter
all liturgi's text, even that song took by chorus.
Church music is seen in addition, decoration, not integral part of
observance. So open end gap among official liturgi and church music . On year 1300 terminology appearances Musica Ecclesiastica for song Gregorian , and Musica
Mensurata for song Polifon .
Concluded by church music developing becomes art Polifon are yielding formative Church at Northern
Europe and effect European music culture confrontation south( Gregorian )
one that monodis (one voice,
organum). Church via processes inkulturasi to advance
artistry, but at any other church music maturation party wreak conflict with
chairman of Church: Church gets judicial formality, bearing out ritus of on
faith in observance conduct.
4.
Renesans's church music (1400 - 1600)
As compared to Middle Age music, Renesans's music more manusiawi.
It appears in vocalic rounded sound Renesans, voice that effloresce linear in Polifon
as harmonious. komponis no longer
expatiate voice by piece, but composition concept entire. Its melody is
simplified and adorned by prescribed abatamen breathing human. Ritmik Gothic
one that elaborate being substituted
by life rhythm that is adrift and modestly. Requisite vocalic music cast
loading and sensory one most loads deep poem.
Up to century XV at beginning Belgian to be formed music centers,
komponis's place distinguishing does work at one's request prince and also
Bishop, at palace and particular Cathedral formed by choruses, orchestra, and
creative activity that adequately lush. Generally komponis that not remained
makes a abode, but berkeliling, so at musics genre effloresce Europe new,
Renesans's music. This music is henpecked shaped motet , a music form
that gets jetty of poem and contemplate it in alae cut dry runs Polifon. Over and above church music, music art amends Profan
27 at Italian (Madrigal) with tall quality.
Drawing near Konsili Trente (1545 - 1563) available two church
music flows: the first, want to dam and protects church music tradition (namely
song Gregorian and music Polifon
long time classic), and the second
one, want musics formative studying new Madrigal art with look for benefit for
church music. 28
In Konsili Trente, poem processing in composition motet looked on over free comprises wont solis _using
decoration, tambaha_ in takes song, frivolous attitude organis who use
amusement music as interval. About difference both of flow, Konsili just
charges that poem in church music can be a prey to and song Profan avoided in observance. Song Gregorian that was petted intensively preferably at
seminaries. But decision performing is turned over on local Bishop.
This on a basic local church music center amendses, one that
coloured by local tradition and stamped by given music expert. G. P. da
Palestrina (Church music rescuer Polifon ) successful creates music
genre Polifon one that so balance
by develops tech Polifon of Dutch
school and develops it with sound beautiful typical Italian. Besides, available
other music expert as: G. Allegri is with Miserere , W. A. Mozart, and
Orlando De Lasso what does menyumbangkan 60 misa and 1200 motet for church music.
About year 1600 sizable changed happening, music monodi with basso continuo and with chord replace musics capital and polifon. This was developed at Italian, Germany in
Catholic Church and also Protestant. Music genre monodi with accompaniment basso continuo just last temporary until century middling
XVII then substituted by new form as Orgelmesse , Versetti (short songs for reed organ to replace solis
in takes sentence Magnificat and Hymn ). Besides appearance also
church music which instrumental purification as Sonata Church, Epistelsonate , elevation etc.. 29
Catholic Church music on its reality gets traditional character,
for Adven's term observance and Prapaskah, Sound forbidden church instrumental
gay so utilized by Gerejawi's typical music as Gregorian and Polifoni a capella Palestrina's style.
5.
Barok's style (1600 - 1750)
Particularly
on XVII century, in absolutism system, Church experiences external developing
with luxurious architecture. So too with liturgi's celebration and church
music. It is backgrounded, the first since prestige to get achievement or
competitor among palace, secondly because martial situation up to 40 years and
tastes not safe in life knockabout push society to look for grapples on God.
Therefore doesn't marvel church music developing becomes gay, don't even rare
intemperate fairly one.
Chairman
of Catholic Church tries to restrain church music developing by bears out that
poem liturgi may not be reduced or is revamped, prohibition be used bagpipe
especially flute and piano because stamped as music of theatre, bagpipe type
prohibition up to prapaskah. But all order it gets regional character. Pope
mandate about church music does ever be led to keuskupan Rome. Princes Barok
sees church music in their palace as swasta's business, and since canon law and
civil law is came to pieces, therefore church music managed by secular
institution.
6.
Wina's Classic epoch
Churches music big opus on XVIII century and Wina's classical
music largely constitute opus from Joseph Haydn, W. A. Mozart, and L.
Beethoven's Van. Over and above drawn out Barok's tradition with offbeat
orchestra which kitsch, in this music is seeming idealistical classic Wina as
to establish music which quality as high as maybe, so technical grapple,
formal, and esthetic of music profan classic is taken over in church music.
Classic epoch church music reflects an optimism and extensive view
. Church music Mozart not in contrast to music profan as operatic as Mozart's creature. As well as
another classic artist, Haydn and Mozart serves an office on Allah with glad
heart. Haydn says: “Since Allah gives
to me heart something that jolly, therefore presumably It will pass over daku,
if I serve an office to her with glad heart ”. 30
XVIII
century man perceives one by world vicinity the base humanism as it were
chastened by filosof on XVIII century (Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, etcetera). On
this epoch faith so openended for world, so lifting all element who can show
this openended attitude into church music.
7.
Romantik's century
On romantik's century church music attitude get criticism because
is assessed over glad and exposed . In the
early century XIX, E. YR. A. Hoffman, a man of letters Germanicing to lead
liturgi's music Church becomes innocent music art Church( musica sacra )
one that intent lift heart of men directing to God pass through simple roots,
purification, with beautiful sound. In century Catholic Church music XIX
available three flows: 31
a.
Flow that drawn out
classic epoch tradition Wina . Wina's
classic aspiration drawned out by a number komponis as C.M. Von is Weber, Franz
Schubert, Kaspar Ett, and preferably A. Bruckner. komponis works independent
ala, therefore composition which they create to constitute cetusan person faith
or bases order. Not compositions
prescriptive observance them, but composition determines observance character
via styled composition, so church music gets also dipentaskan in concert
building as it were divine service Solemnes Beethoven's opus.
b.
Movement Cecilianisme
. Cecilianisme are an organisational in German's Catholic
Church, one that found on year 1868 by a priests, F.X. Witt to unite Catholic
Church choir choir. Witt takes over aspiration musica sacra from E.T. Hoffmann. This to the effect began
by song refreshing Gregorian and
updates music Polifon Palestrina's style. But expert Cecilianisme in
reconditioned song Gregorian get
jetty on Editio Medicaea of year
1614 / 1615, meanwhile monks from Solemnes, France by investigates copies of
Middle Ages. Therefore happens under the way emulation between they, this
dispute solved by XIII Leo Pope on year 1901 by corrects Solemnes's versions.
K.G. Fellerer assesses restaurasi, return goes to historical form as ideal for
observances deep music, and music Gregorian and Polifoni antic classic to be viewed as ideal church
music.
c.
Music flow Devosional
. 32 In Romantik's term arises a new devotion (subyektif and
sentimental). But this devotion not gets estuary in unmitigated liturgi but
frequent stray deep moral and mistisme. Besides Cecilianisme with its
binding on music Polifon a capella , individualism has begat church
music experiences a stagnation (jam, don't make progress) a new one settling on
century XX, begun while update by Pius X. music temporary trivial (gimcracks)
and sentimental is amends flourishes with quick, be unmitigated religious music
to be created Church beyond.
2.
Liturgi's Music and Song task
before Konsili Vatikan II.
Music
and song task in liturgi before and after Konsili Vatikan II., experience
distinctive. It happens since Konsili Vatikan II. more give special position
for liturgi's music and song in one liturgi's celebration.
Previously, before Konsili Vatikan II., music and song task in
liturgi is that of background for liturgi's conduct, as offbeat as, interval
e.g. at the time busy priest at panti priest, therefore choral or people fills
that time with song. 33 After Konsili Vatikan II.,
music and song in liturgi constitutes liturgi that alone, namely sectioned
absolute and integral liturgi glory. So gets to be said by clean music no
longer as decoration, with be held role or its task in a conduct and liturgical
celebration for example: 34
- In innocent book mission
- In expression keeps the faith
- In benediction
- In application invocation
- And to clarify sacrament conduct
3. Periodisasi is
Liturgi's Music Update in Catholic Church
Musics
reconditioned term liturgi Church happens in three phases. This update
happening on century XX reconditioned afters on term Cecilianisme is not is
reached.
1. Update
by Pius x
On year 1903 Pius's Popes x
issues a documents about that church music clean, quality, and gets universal
character. According to this ideal Pope Is executed special ala in song Gregorian
, and in classy church music Polifon classic. But may also be created origin modern
church music its sound in contrast to music Profan . Since church music
performs task klerikal , therefore women may not come on singing in it.
Bagpipe, but organ just may be used by special permit. Even rather gets
restriktif's character (draw the line) but this document as a grapple for
formative succeeding.
2.
Liturgi's movement Until Draws Near
Konsili Vatikan II.
Since year
1920 an at Germanic available effort to start up liturgi as liturgi jemaat,
understandable and is followed all people. Therefore beavered by native
language for observance. An effort starts up liturgi by way of inkulturasi this
for example looked for by road for mengkaitkan melody Gregorian with poem in german language. Besides is taken
over a number anthem( Koral, song
gets couplet) of Protestant Church. This liturgi's movement direct gets estuary
in Konsili Vatikan II..
3.
Liturgi's Music update Church by Konsili
Vatikan II.
3.1. Savvy Hits Konsili Vatikan II.
Konsili comes from to say
latin Concilium one that unified
matter, appointment, conference. At Roman Catholic Church environment means
conference official Church especially bishops, with aim works through various
keGerejaan's problem to Church society development and looks for decision with.
Differentiated among ecumenical Konsili or konsili generically which represent
overall Church and Konsili Is special that covers a given Church region. 35
Konsili Vatikan II. constitutes
ecumenical Konsili 21st one or the latest in Church history until now. Konsili
this was arranged among date 11th October 1962 until with date 8th December
1965, in four conference period times which is: 11th October until 8th December
1962, 29th September until 4th December 1963, 14th September until 21st
November 1964, and 14th September until 8th December 1965. Konsili this was
presented by more a lot of bishop was compared with by konsili previous. Total
resulting document more a lot of and impact on affecting Catholic Church life
is even greater of scene whichever after reform epoch on century XVI. 36
3.2. Catholic Church view About Music
liturgi
Konsili Vatikan II. one is
begun on the fifteenth 11th October 1962 and is closed on the fifteenth 7 and
8th December 1965 results 16 official documents. That official document
consisting of 4 constitutions, 9 decrees, and 3 declarations. 37 Either one constitution fourth that constitute
idiil's base divides liturgi's constitution per se it exists one special
chapter that works through about music liturgi.
Konsili Vatikan II. have
revamped Catholic Church view about music liturgi. liturgi's music Church on
Konsili Vatikan's period II. no longer viewed as by liturgi's decoration, music
and that song is alone constitutes liturgi, matter in liturgi's celebration
unfit for use again rampant spiritual song, but, shall one song can act out
observance. liturgi's song carry is not again task Klerikal but jemaat's exhaustive task, even a portion
handled by Church choir. In Konsili No.112's decision, named about liturgi's
music dignity, one that more or less its content names that: Universe church
music tradition constitute wealth that don't terperikan its point, more bright
of another art expressions, particularly because bonded clean song on word
constitutes a part liturgi gay one is of important or integral. 38 Named too that liturgi's activity gets to form
that more lightsome, if ofisi God sang by presented clean servant and followed
by active ala peoples. 39 Therefore music liturgi
gets clean, if gets hand in glove relationship it with observance ceremony,
entah by reveals invocation invocation on a more resounding, entah by manures
heart unity, entah by enriches clean ceremony with more hilarity animate.
Church also agrees all kind artistry which unmitigated, one that have
characters according to stipubting liturgi, and concedes its purpose in
observance to God. 40
3.3. Konsili Vatikan's influence II. For
Liturgi's Music life Church
As incident as, Konsili has
monstrous influence. In Church memory, Konsili constitutes first performing
experience Kolegial Gerejawi's supreme authority. Church earlier one
often pride its character unchanged regular, shall trip evaluation self that
visceral and posed critical to her. Attitude and Church strategy is looked
backward and is dared deep bright Bible and deep confrontation with
requirements the present day. This phenomena is extended on pasca Konsili's
term. Changing one stands out to happen on liturgi and liturgi's music as part
of liturgi also experiences changing that.
Nevermore Latin
language absolute for liturgi, therefore opened by door to be created its
church music treasury in native language. Inkulturasi in liturgi's music gets
executed steady with be attached methods about development and liturgi's music
update. So gets to be said that Konsili Vatikan II. is not just as crossbar of
history, but has also been become aim guidance, basic for developmental
thinking, movement and update action, rejuvenation, and stabilization that
really useful.
3.4. Inkulturasi as Effort Of Liturgi's
Music Update
Inkulturasi in liturgi's music Catholic
Church for that matter have available far before Konsili Vatikan II.. It can be
seen deep formative liturgi's music Church. On each Catholic religion broadcast
this, liturgi berinkulturasi's music with religion place culture this beginning
drive in its root. So gets to be said that inkulturasi liturgi's music have
available since Church comes into the world, from the beginning primordial
christianity that adapts with Jewish observance, but really Church has once
experience inkulturasi's jam, Her close church. Until then Konsili Vatikan's
happening II., via this is resounding inkulturasi's back.
Inkulturasi is liturgi's
music really gets bearing hand in glove with pervading mission regions Catholic
religions. Inkulturasi is liturgi's music with local culture really help
mission process. Church also realises that nations especially at mission region
have alone music tradition that acts out is of important deep life get religion
and societal. Therefore, specially Konsili Vatikan II. have opened door to
accept too traditional music wealth nation as it were is revealed deep
liturgi's constitutions no. 119, that music ought to get appreciation
righteously and place that properly, well in form their religious attitude, and
also in adjust observance with their conduct character. 41 In bounds already being established by local
Church leads in charge and deserved merinci this fitting, including church
music and artistry, origin corresponds to constitution basic methods liturgi. 42
Inkulturasi is liturgi's music besides
intent develop church music treasury, also aims that Church doesn't be left, so
gets to be said by inkulturasi is a momen in processes Church to render her
manifestly.
INKULTURASI IS
LITURGI'S MUSIC
Inkulturasi's
concept.
Terminology
inkulturasi appearance by gets
jetty of anthropology jargon, which is “ en kulturasi “ one that matter a cultivation or institutionalization. Inkulturasi diartikan as process of its input
individual in culture. Inkulturasi most
verily in refer to one effort or effort that insert cultural typical elements
or ethnical given into one life form. In that process an individual which since
formed startup in environmentally its culture, following tradition, cultural
point already been established that she is part of culturize it. Therefore
process inkulturasi ordinary also at conceive of socialization process.
Inkulturasi is etymological ala comes from Latin language “ in ” matter turn
in at , “ cultura ” matter culture ; therefore inkulturasi
used to mean, input, meresap, manifest or potbound into culture .
Common
concept.
Terminology
“ Inkulturasi ” can be said not popular among or anthropology context
culturizes. Inkulturasi as substantive as frequent too is used for pergerseran
deep theology process. A combine of teologis's principle about manifestation
with social science concept about acculturation (conform with one culture).
This terminology was used wider ala among Roman Catholic and appearance Church
at there are many document bishop. This terminology points on wider process
whereabouts theology becomes one expression. While this terminology even was
enough gives somewhat handicap in dialogue with ilmuan social in that mean that
terminology is observable as one hobby neogolisme (meaning newing to says so long) on one's side
is not ilmuan. If this word points on theology, it doesn't have adjective
already being accepted. Reksosusilo says:
“Inkulturasi concerns appointment among
two or more culture which tries so a religion accept the others. This
constitutes one handicap since each culture be performance self of a view and
thinking formation hit environment in far-flung mean. Was gotten far-flung box.
Was gotten box “ point of reference ” ones in it existences laid persons its
everyday. Inkulturasi happens if available box “ point of reference ” same also
on other culture ”.
This terminology
utilized by Church for the purpose to reveal meaning on a more accurate, one
that by theology is tried so concerned by it. Inkulturasi reveals relationship
among Injili's mandate or Kristiani alive with cultures. Church easying to keep
all “ all wealths nations ” (tradition, traditions, wisdom and teaching,
artistry and their scholarship) as contribution; at any other habit party,
living sensed goal and social order “ gets diserasikan with ethics ”
pewahyuan's blessing God. In Teologis's discussion about perjumpaan among
Kristianitas and culture and current other religious traditions prevalent being
utilized terminologies “ inkulturasi ”. This purpose to depict just how
processes slowgoing relative merasuknya religion or given religious tradition
into world view and another man and of course it depends of all sort historical
factor that gets role and konkrit. In inkulturasi's Indonesian patois often
diistilahkan with “ pempribumian ” since with this terminology feels to
have point that adequately strong and well-matched its cause more apprehended
as one process: merasuk, sink in, arranging heart of men is not merely external
but visceral spiritual ala or ingrained
Terminology inkulturasi
own comes from environmentally
mission theology. This terminology first time utilized by Pierre Charles, which
is a missiolog France. It menterjemahkan America expression “ enculturation ”
one that more or less bertalian with German's terminology “ sozialization ”
(integration into cultural a society), with Frances lingual terminology its “ inculturation
” and this terminology is adopted to multilingual at the world, and at
diistilahkan's Indonesia with “ Inkulturasi ”. This terminology amends
after Konsili Vatikan goes to II. stand up with various terminology kind.
inkulturasi's terminology more is popularized again by Joseph year Mason 1959
deep mission theologies. Terminology inkulturasi used by first time in
Churches official document year 1977, which is by synod bishop at Rome hits Katekese
(religion study), one that issues
copy: “ Send away for to God's People ”. At says that news or send away
for Kristiani must potbound deep cultures and for it passes on to order not
only pass “ give to ” but “ accept of ” culture that listen
Bible.
Inkulturasi's
concept According to Catholic Church.
In
christian religion, inkulturasi is Church can be understood as dialogue about
Christian and culture trust; menyatu's church, in community berinkulturasi and
its culture. Terminology inkulturasi in Catholic Church used to mean as
process of its input God's Bible or the word instilling. Basic of inkulturasi's
Theology potbound of pewahyuan's mystery alone The Holy Trinity. God are alone
in three its persons have manifested or mewahyukan her divides men along
history. Inkulturtasi emphasizes that news and send away for Christ shall potbound
deep tribe culture. Fundamental order it bears out that not only even give, but
also accepts and menghayati is news is glad about safety from God. Inkulturasi spirituals changed matter of indigene culture
points via that appreciative integration into christian religion and through
christian religion instilling in all sort culture.
inkulturasi's
concept one that amends can be defined as one dynamic relationship among
Christs glad news with one or more culture; a Christian life integration, into
a culture; a sustainable process of interaction and critical and reciprocal
assimilation. Inkulturasi is Church is Christian experience integration of a “ Local
church ” into its people culture in
such a way face, so this experience not only asserts oneself deep that culture
elements, but becomes one force that menjiwai, lead and membaharui is that
culture until creating one unity and new partnership not only deep that culture
but also as enrichment of universal Church. Inkulturasi are not
retradisionalisasi , but something new on a basic tradition which
have once there is and on the defensive and lighted and led by news brightness
are glad . Hereafter Pope aloning to give that emphasis Church shall
try by creativity full in evangelisasi new to man and culture. Since
just via effort with, Church will can, taking in Christ expectation into
cultural and present era think (although in such event of course it don't
undivided be meant as inkulturasi's form but then more as creativity and
liturgi's education in given culture). And so do say so Pope in letter Apostolic
the that effort to plant out liturgi in all sort culture is important task
for reconditioned liturgi. Magisterium
is Church using inkulturasi's
terminology to define on the nose “ Bible Manifestation in indigene culture and
at a swoop input it culture in life Church ”.
In liturgi
Church, notably deep mission process keeps the faith, inkulturasi gets
attention that adequately is of important. In one inkulturasi's facet is looked
on as one stage that really determines successful effort and mission process
keep the faith to divide the living one mankind in the context culture which
variably. People can more know, approach and understands God by and culture
that they know. If mission process is carried on at this rate therefore people
of each culture will a lot easier menghayati and sinks in God's present and
role meaning to them namely as people of its own creature. In book Cultural
Adaptation of Liturgy citation of Konsili Vatikan's document goes to II. about
pluralism (challenge of for religion) Anscar Chupungco says:
Church and respect to mankind culture ,
fitting as cynosure in world moderen .
Fittings in
processes inkulturasi more sees on well developing behalf keeps the faith its
mean people formative that according to Catholic faith teaching, whereabouts is
meant that there is things which may be accepted and may not be accepted. Penyesuaian–penyesuaian that obviously
been meant is not for a rigorous limitation but not other that mission core
keeps the faith to accord Catholic teaching makes a abode to be secured and
also admiring to culturize constant glorious one awake because in higher self
that culture point, God also work and do work and diffuse its love to man as
children its own. So something which will be inserted deep liturgi or the other
people observances shall be analyzed carefully and analysed by orders then
taken by conclusions, one that of course it pass through examination of
supporting society comprises of alone Church party. This adjusted process
really needs and essential remember Church and also local culture party don't
want heady deep comments what aught and one become corridor of principle each.
That conclusion take doesn't particularly just is seen from sheer physical
facet but has strongly look for meaning that most deep (philosophical) Of
psychological feature one kebudayan gives prodigious possible associate appropriate
what do become experiences from pemeluk culturizes that. Are not may not its
psychological feature, (one that maybe terminological Church concept, at
cross), but implied meaning deep psychological feature culturize that comprise
association that is given just can or so in accordance with Church view. Are
clear that deep determines if one culture be allowed comes in deep liturgi
needs one observational process and meticulous and side judgment alone Church
may not without considering determine egoist ala bases its criterion because
that process has long time and natural walking because this approaching is not
merely physical approaching but just more a lot of on psychological approaching
and philosophical.
inkulturasi's
process in Catholic Church is sighted and dilandasi by a few things as one
interposed by Liturgi KWI's Commission:
Basis
for Teologis.
-
In its manifestation opus alone Allah as
man, fasten self on cultural social situation human.
-
Church takes from khasana custom and
tradition, wisdom and artistry and its own nation order.
Basis
for Liturgical.
-
In liturgi there is modifiable and
available unchangeable.
-
Church respects and advance art and
wealth and adorn soul of a variety tribe. Any kind, one that in nation culture
custom that don't relate with tahyul or leading astray teaching, regarded by
Church.
Basis for Antropologis Kultural.
-
Culture form would be convenient
perfected in Christ.
-
In sacrament service and liturgi and its
song coloured by native language that really useful.
Basis
for Historical.
liturgi's
history points out that Church can so potbound in a nation just since
inkulturasi.
Basis
for Psychological.
-
Generally human fond thing a new one.
-
Generally human leisured if its culture
is priced.
Intention and To The Effect inkulturasi
in Catholic Church.
-
That Inkulturasi can be understood,
accepted and dihayati by each people, so with pattern this a new one, people
progressively understands will God's present in self Christ and that Allah no
nonsense attending and do work through their culture their and through that its
culture God also save them. Inkulturasi in and through jemaat jemaat is not
evangelisasi's aim, but then evangelisasi is alone.
-
Inkulturasi or pempribumian liturgi is “
cast / liturgi's celebration Church in procedure and all the way atmosphere in
harmony with taste goal culturizes people that gets observance ” (Inkulturasi's
guidance Liturgi MAWI's Commission 1984: 2 ). Or with simpler word
terminological Prier Is Intent inkulturasi it that people that follow
observance can be carried away by song, invocation, device, decoration,
ceremony etc., since every thing directly gets apprehended; since every thing
nicely terminological estimation that is used in life knockabout culture.
Inkulturasi
is Liturgi's Music in Catholic Church .
Intention
and To The Effect.
Substantially
intent inkulturasi liturgi's music equals what do be meant by aim from
inkulturasi in alone Church. As is said that inkulturasi's aim it that people
that follow wonder-stricken observance by song, invocation, device /
decoration, upacara—karena every thing direct gets apprehended; since every
thing “ lovely ” terminological estimation which is used in life knockabout
culture.
Basic.
That
trust even culture indirectly (over man) created by God therefore it “ good
marks sense ”. Culture constitutes “ manifestation ” deep Allah self Christ
which come to become man and shows Allah the will in life it at universalizes
it. Therefore Christ uses culture (Jew) to pray and thanks to Bapanya.
That
consciousness culture is not sempurna—karena available also stray man possible:
God were viewed as by God that live in to adjure, custom house, strove for
sesaji, one that anger if decision something be not been actualized. Therefore
inkulturasi just maybe pass one atonement process: there is culture element
that shall be left that enables to meet with Allah.
Inkulturasi
shall follow Paschal mystery pattern. Church shall daredevil to kultural's color
that be slung while it comes at one place. Church shall brave to leave
kultural's cloth that so long that, then puts on cloth a new one that in
harmony with local culture custom, at there it will arouse by new face that all
the way convenient in the context sosio culturizes local. In opposition local
culture shall daredevil to be aroused. Elements that don't in harmony with
faith shall be left. Such that remained is good elements one if fused by
Christian faith will result new wealth.
Inkulturasi
usually aims on kontektualisasi or pempribumian. Kontekstualisasi is effort
place something in the context it, so old stuff, but is interlaced and menyatu
with overall as yarn in textile. In this case not only prescriptive culture
tradition but situated and condition of social even terminologicals speaking.
Kontekstualisasi have available since Church originally meets by other the
world. As oikumenis's effort exists two kind pattern in kontekstualisasi, which
is: 45
- Attitude for receiver Church, one that is meant is merelevankan teologis's tussle divides Churches at mission region. Receiver church thinks up beforehand things which relevant in place, before its go adjusts with liturgi's pattern ecumenical.
- Consigner Church attitude, one that is meant available that consciousness kontekstualisasi is not as substitute smock without substitutes soul. Receiver church begins to process kontekstualisasi by regards liturgi's pattern ecumenical ala, then of yielding that judgment is tried applies in place.
Inkulturasi Divides Catholic Church
1. Inkulturasi
as problem of Immortal in Church Body
inkulturasi's terminology is utilized for the first time in Church
document on year 1977, which is by bishops at Rome hits katakese. 46 Inkulturasi becomes immortal
problem in effloresce Church continually because
life. 47 While are Jesus
Christ come into the world, It has arranged inkulturasi that the most basic.
The word have become flesh and betwixt stay behind christendom. It has taken
form as human as, accepting local language, set local custom, and liturgi is
local. 48 It empties self to take man face in culture and liturgi is
local. Inkulturasi also happens while Church come into the world on first
whitsuntide deep environmental Palestinians Jewish culture. Helenis's jew
acceptance (one that gets greek) and more persons that don't of Jew circle into
Church by Petrus and Paulus direct evoke problems that partly is engaged
culture background.
By
some people devout, the difference kultural looking on to concern keagamaan's
intrinsic elements, even Petrus and Paulus Is dissent because inkulturasi.
Emerging similar problems again every time intemperate Churches a culture
environments.
Church has once experience rupture. Insufficiently marks sense
mutual understanding to constitute one of rupture subject factor among Latin
Church (Rome) and Greek Church (Konstantinopel) on 12th century. The difference
culture among Rome and Northern Europe on 16th century is not little its role
that reform becomes Church rupture, for example since overweening Latin color
on Roman Catholic Church. Therefore official Church comes on is in control of
its divide Church on 11th century and 16th as avowed as by Paulus goes to VI.
Therefore inkulturasi is heady and chauvinistic (excessive something) contain a lot of
jeopardy.
2.
Inkulturasi as gap of Church teaching
broadcast
Have just old Church
200 years, was gotten three christianity form that variably, which is Christian
Jew Church, Helenis's church, and Latin Church at North Africa. Tatkala is
christian religion scatters at Greko's the world Roman, happen inkulturasi big,
leaving Hebrew language, then a large part Bible writing utilizes greek. Are
not just language, even theology reasoning is dug up from local religion
wealth. Liturgi is Catholic a lot of dyed by Roman tradition that formerly is
heathenish.
Tatkala is amends Church goes to to universalize Western,
happening too inkulturasi that fundamental. Severally ritual heathenish
canonised as Christian ceremony with loading Christian too. E.g., Christmas
party is christianised of worship ceremony to the sun, because Christ is solar
justice. Even christmas tree using up, previously is idolatrous to adjure life,
because Christ is treed unmitigated life. sosio's influence culturizes local be
kept all too in conjugal rights procedure. Loyalty to Christ and communio 49 hand in glove between that Church, so is still
secure its unity. Evangelism at Northern Europe, evenless at India and Tiongkok
so inhibited by its slowgoing inkulturasi.
3.
Inkulturasi in Konsili Vatikan II.
Inkulturasi was begun
if someone of environmentally culture whichever accept Godlike greeting
corresponds to local culture that dihayatinya. This inkulturasi's process one
worthy it happens in line with faith maturation as answer on Godlike apocalypse
that contains Jesus Christ incarnation in man himself Jew from Nazaret.
On
this epoch spread Church, potbound, and well-nigh amends beginning at all
culture environment universalizes this. Therefore, all over evoked problem how
reveals and menghayati keeps the faith the one and same by that according to
nation culture, epoch, or a fixed place. It who makes Konsili Vatikan II. have
new concept about Church pluralism mean and respect to mankind culture, fitting
becomes cynosure in this modern world. Obviously it is not simply even
platitude, but aims so faith be really potbound and sinking in one life person
individual and society, therefore that faith as much as possible it that
menyatu shall with culture so get in harmony with been expressed it.
History also give cogent reason supportive marks sense liturgi's
fitting, and apparently unanswerable that fitting constitutes a part that can't
divorce from Church tradition. 50 Idiomatic cultivation keeps
the faith may not so radical, until can't be recognized again as idiomatic as
same faiths by devout persons of environmental cultures another one. Because,
situation such a alienate christendom each other.
4.
Culture that diinkulturasi
Konsili
Vatikan II. bears out, Catholic church doesn't refuse what do good and
beneficent on religion. Want familiar's Catholic people and close at hand to
religious tradition and local culture, this is one of effort toward
inkulturasi.
In each inkulturasi unmitigated available two facets: the first,
are facet inkarnatif or its
potbound in given culture, secondly, are facet redemptif or pertinent culture redemption of negative
facets. Each culture have positive elements that water down God's the word
acceptance and its expression. But then, in each culture also available
elements which block, arising out sin which sink in this all the world.
Therefore culture whatever needs to be cleared up, so getting correct gets to
reveal Kristiani's faith.
Keep
the faith Kristiani that diidentifikasikan may never with one culture totally,
even that culture is Hebrew, Greek, or Roman. That faith Catholic regular and
exposed on each culture manusiawi. Are not bungling culture get as been adapted
inkulturasi's material to been made Church tradition interior, just culture
that quality and gets high point and one correspond to Church teaching just
that may be taken.
Inkulturasi
and Church Catholic character not most comes to pieces mutually. With demikan,
faith as answer one of mankind solidarity becomes more reasonable, more
universal, more Catholic. So, according to death mystery and Christ evocation,
culture elements shall also pass through dead process and renascent. That
elements thus as more perfect and takes in devout person heart to Christ.
Because, as God man, She is perfect apocalypse, and as human as, She at a swoop
answer which out and out on that apocalypse.
5.
Catholic Church expectation from
inkulturasi
Culture
constitutes to make the point sees, mengartikan, and forms reality in
environmentally historical given. In the short run faith can borrow given
culture mediums to render self, but is begun also to form new mediums.
Therefore faith gets reseptif's pattern and creative critical to culture
whatever. But inkulturasi is not just a only assimilation or culture adaptation
only.
Inkulturasi ranges all person life and devout people. This process
goes on step by step, can successful can also fail. Success an inkulturasi so
necessary for good Church developing of kualitatif's spritual facet and also of
quantitative developing facet. Inkulturasi is not just essential's of facet
Church partikular place processes
this happens. This process essential after kekatolikan all Church so getting
Catholic, in comprehensive mean, expressing alae same faith otentik with
different way. Thus, Church praises God on a more beautiful with all manusiawi's
ability that dikaruniakan God to environmentally culture which variably it. As
it were Christ as human as for mengkuduskan and advancing whatever good one in
manusiawi's culture whichever inkulturasi's process pass.
Inkulturasi the most urgent now is imbed to keep the faith
Kristiani ala no nonsense into culture mundial (as world as), one that so dyed by knowledge
and growing modish technology with quick at the early this 20th century.
Although faith will indefensible infinite technology progress again, stress
among world view and way bethinks positivistis at one keagamaan's party and confidence that
bases to keep the faith will apocalypse at other side was lost.
But
just after, expected by individuality and point a culture environments can help
men to find and revealing self as creature that ability most its glorious is
praise creators it. But needs to be remembered that inkulturasi is not devotion
to long time tradition with religion help, but faith cast in and through
culture which currently lives deep society.
3.
Requirement On Kontekstualisasi
Liturgi's Music
Music is sound or voice that is staffed, since music basically
consisting of voice, therefore music constitutes a part integral one of human
and that man life is alone. 51 keeratan is this
relationship is looked e.g. in human form gets communication. While excess a
song is in term amenity to remember it, since warbling is agreeable activity
and having carrying out of spirituality or emotional. 52
Whole
and healthy faith always supposes to mark sense two spirituality coherent
dimensions and external. Of spirituality flank is accept Allah invitation for
living deep partnership with Her and deep society with humanity. Meanwhile
external flank is cast keep the faith in external form or visible one, e.g.
teaching, invocation, liturgi, ceremony, behaviour, etc.. All that external
expression there's only its mean if quite a cast spirituality faith. Two
dimension keep the faith to constitute whole integrity.
In Catholic perspective, liturgi's music constitute terminology
that is used for in refer to music which concerning with observance manner,
well that song, accompaniment, and instrument that is used. It is gone upon in
fact that deep activity gets observance, warble everlastingly as part which
integral for Church. According to Antonius K. Sensibleness an organis at
Thomas's Saint Parish, Coconut Two, Depok, aesthetical a celebrations deep song
Eucharistic shall be backed up by people togetherness for following singing.
For Catholic people always there is singing word for God properly twice
constitute of pray. No that forbidden for singing praises God in Misa up to
that corresponds to liturgi, and if did by taste full believe, therefore will
get grant from above. 53 In music observance
constitutes one of Catholic people communication form to its creator, place
keeps the faith to be expressed. At other side may not be forgotten, since
music is integral part of man, therefore it relates hand in glove with culture.
We can begin to see that that music kontekstual it is tied-up on its context,
tied-up on place, time, and culture. That context is heterogeneous, one that
formative current happening quick deep world electronics, culture that
globalistis that spread presto through print shop, film, and tradition,
constant culture is adrift while Church have alone tradition.
Inkulturasi
is music liturgi is one of the ways mengkontekstualisasikan liturgi's music
because song and church music needs to be involved deep an interaction process
that concerns history, culture, and epoch developing. In inkulturasi's the
world, That respondent church posed soft, if needs on the contrary get
defeatism earlier. Church needs to study culture environment around that Church
growing. In good interaction process needful openness to appreciate and accepts
something, this alacrity need with consideration been escorted and critical
appraisal. Reality what does be released to been accepted or is changed has to
be worded profuse so cogent jemaat.
Church
shall have teaching about truth in God. If there is praise which insufficiently
apprehended by jemaat, therefore jemaat given by explanation about that song
poem. Music is not just constitute an aesthetical but also constitute an
everlasting training medium. Since, music is an art that wents behind time.
Church music can help our to understand mean actually of that music is alone,
and giving aesthetical alone for Catholic people 1 2 Explanation to jemaat also been realised since observance jemaat
is devotion place self, communication place, menghayati's place, and gets
communication studying with God and with ekstensial's ala humanity. To that
communication available one needs to be sacrified, there is too which needs to
be accepted, this prevailing special for liturgi and its song.
Music nevermore viewed as by universal something, but also been
realised as music that kontekstual and local. Churches at Asian and also
African conscious of that thing, e.g. Abineno on year 1959 have proposed so
arranged by revisions on Hymn and Church praises, since it constitutes
translation of Dutch chant book and not load one praise even Asias. So in line
with awareness of needs it faith that kontestual and Bible that kontekstual,
therefore, necessary too praises that kontekstual. It emphasized by Asia
Churches. In its appointment at parohan most year-end 50 an, they decide to
need it presents Bible in Asian terms. This idea consistent ala to be applied
too on praise requirement by Asia Church with be publicized EACC Hymnbook that
meaty praises of Asia Church on year 1960 an. 1 3
Church
music future is church music that kontekstual, this also applies for liturgi,
that church music place gets role. Church music that kontekstual in observance
that kontekstual then is propped and dihayati with express kontekstual's art.
kontekstualisasi's effort Gerejawi's music really is not easy
thing, as well as say so i. to Loh, Churches at Asian have perceived cozy with
praise those are heirsed from Western Churches. I. to Loh proposes effort
arrange that reteach Asia Church so know its own culture backs. Really
kontekstualisasi Gerejawi's music is not simply effort to reanimate lost
culture at Church. But needs to be noticed too that kontekstualisasi that
Gerejawi's music is done in the effort mengkontekstualkan that Church Is alone
and also mengkontekstualkan Bible, so good Bible and also nots Church become a
part strange one for Church place society and that Bible growing. 1 4
4.
Liturgi's music as Lingual As and Mode
For Bible and Culture meets
Was named above that that music kontekstual. It is tied-up hand in
glove with its environment culture. Are not just hand in glove but also taste
mode be sad and grief, hate and love is revealed. With kind sort forms to pass
through gamelan and also jazz, this expression get are a prey to. So music
which just often viewed as by thing that comforts, most verily constitute
language of a society that is used for its soulful. 1 5
In
day-to-day life, aware ala or not human have passed through it with various
ritus, of morning build until wants night sleep. So gets to be said that human
life can't divorce from ritus ritus. It is seeming once deep life gets
religion, since ritus gets main attention and be developed specially. ritual's
forms constitute human place house frameworks lives to get socials and gets
religions whereas music constitute language who can evoke good someone binding
taste with humanity and also with house (Church) that own. Therefore cords
among music with herculean observance once.
Tied
up that strong it can be seen that observance and music never absents deep
Church life. Music that becomes social life part antic Israel society then as
ritual's life part at God's Couplet. Musics in antic Israel observance
experiences changing, while is center moving Church its orientation of world
Palestinian goes to to universalize Roman Greek. Tahlil (chanting), antic
Israel religious service music in shaped frequent regular one dashed with by
spontaneity song. Helenis's song and poem style starts to emerge, no longer use
Jewish praise patterns aughts. So as it were liturgi everlastingly experiences
changing since its context, such too liturgipun's music experiences
pengkontekstualisasian of term goes to term. Good Pengkontekstualisasian
liturgi and also liturgi's music not such compulsion of aught context. This was
realised since is first God everlastingly mengkontekstualisasikan her, and the
second one is good liturgi and also liturgi's music constitute God's language
and mode and man get communication.
Kontekstualisasi
most verily constitutes integrated Bible with context. It points on Allah that
becomes flesh and God which are kept quiet they betwixt. Liturgi and also
liturgi's music viewed as by human place language gets to express taste and its
faith. Therefore kontekstualisasi Gerejawi's music actually doesn't make how
West music gets to be accepted by Churches non Western, but how music as
lingual as that local gets ditumbuhkembangkan menyatu in man himself at a swoop
as God's place mode attend and menyatu with context, man, and culture.
LITURGI'S MUSIC AT INDONESIAN
1.
History and Liturgi's Music developing
at Indonesian before Konsili Vatikan II.
liturgi's music at Indonesian form a part of music liturgi in a
general way. Therefore history and liturgi's music developing at Indonesian
can't most parry also get influence of liturgi's music life universalizes.
Actually liturgi's music at Indonesian have gotten on with liturgi and
liturgi's music of West. But such needs to be known that incoming Church
tradition appointment goes to Indonesia apparently experience what do at
conceive of inkulturasi. It can be realised since Indonesia constitutes one of
place mission region Catholic Church widen its wing, and Indonesia get as been
said firm as a rock nation keep its culture person. So inkulturasi's method,
indegenisasi, pempribumian or too kontekstualisasi becomes gap that is chosen
divides Church to render her manifestly.
For
that matter, go away before Konsili Vatikan II., at Indonesia has experienced
inkulturasi namely Catholic religion first time this entering. Inkulturasi was
energetic executed deep liturgi, such even with music liturgi. Before Konsili
Vatikan II., one that as base newing to hit inkulturasi liturgi's music,
acquired permit from keuskupan Rome Church that becomes inkulturasi's basic in
liturgi's music. So at Indonesian regions have a lot of met by inkulturasi's
efforts.
1.
Liturgi's Music situation In Many Region
at Indonesian
Before Konsili Vatikan II. at region being become by inkulturasi
liturgi's music. At Manggarai, Flores is Western, inkulturasi's process
liturgi's music was begun before world war. Mgr. W. Beckum SVD's van a bishop
at Ruteng is inkulturasi's pioneer. It energeticing to gather Manggarai's songs
and tries that that song gets to be written by not, so gets to be studied. It
also asks out a number custom chairman as to establish new song for stationary
observance outside misa. Therefore on year 1947 at Ende publishes one songbook
that gets title Dere is eurasian . Heretofore binds books that is still
updated.
At Dawan's region, Timor, inkulturasi is liturgi's song laboured
by Vincent Lecovic SVD. Its effort is note traditional songs. Severally lament
song at o to be used deep observance, it also expatiates own many new songs in
Dawan's music genre. Finally on year 1960 published one songbooks with title Tsi
Tanaeb Uis Neno with severally song in Dawan's music genre, but a lot of
too brogue which is taken over from book Jubilate one that deciphered into Dawan's language.
Book Tsi Tanaeb Uis Neno this
several times is reprinted and expanded by its content. According to people at
Timor, songs of Tsi Tanaeb Uis Neno heretofore is still to be used and favourite.
But by and large at Flores and Timor processes inkulturasi long time enough is
constrained because of marks sense songbook Jubilate.
At Intermediate Java, inkulturasi gendhing in observance have at
starts in year 1925. At education school learns Muntilan, C. Hardjasoebrata on
teleological Br. Clementius dares self to expatiate some gendhing Church in
javanese with gamut pelog one
that is sung without accompaniment, for example Roncen's rule . With
choral from Muntilan this song dipentaskan first times at Kidul Loji
Yogyakarta's Church is before rearing Church and people. Even available voice
that objection because reputed profan , but rearing Church no objection.
Therefore effort C. Hardjasoebrata is let ways continually that song origin be
not been used deep misa. Upon stage second happens 31st January 1926 at same
place, voices that objection previousing to realise that that new anthem
kindred with song kraton is not kindred with play or amusement song. Effort C.
Hardjasoebrata this was kept on at Solo, expanded experiment also at any other
place as Ganjuran, Wedi, and Kalasan.
After world war ii, Mgr. Suryopranoto who becomes thruster to
advance gamelan in Church. On year 1955 found a special committees for gendhing
Church. On year 1956 for the first time arranged gendhing's demonstrations
Atmodarsono's composition Church and C. Hardjasoebrata with offbeat gamelan.
This demonstration witnessed by bishop father. Since its result perceived by
positive peer, therefore bishop father asks for permit to go to that Rome
gendhing Church may be used deep misa but with Latin language. 54
Year beginning 1956 Pugeran Yogyakarta's parishes becomes to
center gamelan music activities Gerejani. R. Hajowardoyo publishes gendhing's
bulk Church with title Kyriale and Natalia. Walking developing goes on and getting a lot
of energy by Konsili Vatikan II. outspoken ala one back up inkulturasi's IDE. 55 In javanese also available book kind of Jubilate
with title Pepudyan is Clean one that published for the first time on year
1937. But role and influence of this songbook not just after strong, and
several times too this book experiences changing language.
In
history and liturgi's music developing at Indonesian before Konsili Vatikan
II., inkulturasi is not just happening Flores, Timor or Mean Java only. On even
other region experiences inkulturasi, just just because that region is far as
Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan even Irian Dignity, therefore doesn't be lifted
its news as it were reducing a lot of acknowledged that inkulturasi liturgi or
music even liturgi was become before Konsili Vatikan II..
2.
Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song
on Songbook Jubilate
Jubilate are one liturgi's songbook. This book first
time is published at Ende on year 1930 by Does SVD's Pastors (Pustardos). Content of this book especially is not song
for misa but song for praise observance (salve) on evening.
At the time world war ii pastor and brother uses their leeway at
concentration camp to fix and completes content Jubilate. Upon book Jubilate publish for secondly, year 1947 its contents
rather disparate. Content of Jubilate proveded with by misa's song Latin and
Indonesian, since Indonesia at that moment, have gotten permit of Rome to use
misa's song in native language.
As book of translation result, book Jubilate constitute a tall achievement for Church. Book
Jubilate this also been worked by
person team that aptly knows will music and liturgi. This book is spread at all
Indonesia, in the period of forty year 700.000 copy bind books Jubilate printed at Ende. But book Jubilate kept most long time bygone even after Konsili
Vatikan II. songbook it stills to be used by despite feels to mark sense
changing teologis and liturgical.
B.
Liturgi's music at Indonesian After Konsili Vatikan II.
1.
Konsili Vatikan's influence II. to
Liturgi's Music developing at Indonesian
inkulturasi's progress at Indonesian no can escape from Konsili
Vatikan II. one constitutes history crossbar that denote startup a new era.
Konsili is with surrounding 2500 participants of all angle universalizes have
opened door and Church window one broad it. People in Church can see out and
air and wind from outside input blow with all its impact.
There
are many think is let fly, there are many disepakati's intention and intention,
all is done hotly faith, to look for what do nicest for unfoldment to keep the
faith people and divides mankind common behalf. And Konsili becomes aim
guidance with laid base for thinking development, movement and update action,
rejuvenation and stabilization that really useful.
While
is Konsili Vatikan II. end, inkulturasi musically liturgi continually
continues. liturgi's update at a swoop pambaharuan liturgi's music getting
glow, it can be seen of gets various business activity for menginkulturasikan
getting flashy. Not only passes national congress various articles or writing
even, seminar, upgrading even until there is week inkulturasi have a lot of is
passed and is found.
Each epoch or generation has its own specialty and it can't be
looked on as disloyalty or heretic. 56 It who makes Konsili to
establish that wisdom things that doesn't concern to keep the faith or
partnerships exhaustive behalf Church don't want to thrust an uniformity forms
that rigorous. And liturgi own comprise of unchangeable part and up a part
alterable, one that up to epoch circulation can or on the contrary vary. 57
1.
Condition of Indonesia as An alone
uniqueness
Indonesia
constitutes archipelago state with drawned round by extensive ocean. Indonesian
wealth not only since Indonesian comprise of juxtaposed islands with obstetric
nature in it. A heterogeneous alone uniqueness tribal and lingual with culture
that variably exists at this country. But also since this pluralism Indonesia
experiences alone constraint in term inkulturasi especially kontekstualisasi in
liturgi and liturgi's music. Existing Church tradition gets to struggle by
complex culture context. If happening a kink will make Indonesia quite a
unique, since aught cultures.
2.
Musics Developmental method Liturgi at
Indonesian
Music
tradition in Church constitutes universal Church treasury that invaluable. That
is excess within another art expressions. 58 Indonesia has alone music tradition and this
music tradition is avowed and accepted deep Church. As it were konsili Vatikan
II. expects that keagamaan's songs peoples shall be manured carefully, so in
righteous observances and holy and deep liturgi's activities own, devout people
voice gets to echo, accord method and rubric decision. 59
In the other decision, Church admits song Gregorian as song typical liturgi Rome. In consequence
music Gregorian getting main
place in liturgi's activities if no judgment which more essential. But another
innocent music types, particularly music Polifon not at all is prohibitted from Godlike
observance celebration, even origin appropriate hotly liturgi. 60 It aims to increase active participation,
therefore ought to acclamation by people, answers, pendarasan is hymn, antifon antifon , and song, such too
demonstration and pose gesture is developed. This is method which becomes
grapple for developmental liturgi's music at Indonesian.
2.
Inkulturasi's process Liturgi's Music at
Indonesian
1.
Inkulturasi's constraint Liturgi's Music
at Indonesian
With
complex Indonesian condition therefore constraint which happens for example: 61
- Parish people a long cry good tribe and also its culture custom so elect one of custom to be made inkulturasi's jetty dot is so difficult, and don't mengena on all people. Evenless at all parish its people a considerable part immigrant.
- Mark sense magis's element, mistis, animistic, takhayul, feudal, etcetera in local cultural element.
- Element culture so countrified, so it can reduce unity and keumuman( universalita ) Catholic church.
- There are several custom that gets parade character, profan , so troubles solemnity and people or ceremony concentration.
- Of social situation: custom party perceives objection, person Catholic so long refuses that all the way new, one that young refuses that over custom, while Church boss less paying attention. In ceremony available too elemental thriftless, well for the interested parties family and also divides Church or parish.
- Its reducing is gnostic, well to religion mean or Catholic faith and also to that custom is alone.
While, at any other
party outside pluralisms consequent constraint Indonesian, inkulturasi is alone
have consequent subject problem of modern life, namely:
- Insufficiently savvy and appreciation to tradition. Mostly people, particularly young clan, insufficiently knows and offish unaware to culture and alone tradition.
- Available heterogenitas in tradition so hard determines to choose elements subject of indonesian culture custom that can be inserted deep liturgi.
- Subtracted present education system stimulate appreciation to local culture. On the contrary more and more person in particular young clan, seceding from alone culture, and more easy accept new culture point from outside.
Among Church party and
alone Catholic people gotten by relationship that insufficiently maximal. Each
both have alone problem, amongst those:
1.
People perceives to require obtainable
something from liturgi.
2.
Insufficiently savvy and people
participation in liturgi, since reducing marks sense liturgi's guidance and
resuscitation to people.
3.
Church faces people problem
that heterogeneous , the difference young old age, the difference tall
its low increases education, the difference tribe etc..
4.
Peoples living view be broken down up
two pattern live, insufficiently there is harmony, integration among the need,
matearialistis's attitude and spirituality the need.
5.
There are many people experience its own
tribe identity crisis.
Inkulturasi's method Divides Liturgi's
Music at Indonesian
With see
condition and situation this kind of, to the effect liturgi glory becomes less
maximal. That inkulturasi can successful, with wish reaches liturgi truthfully
therefore Church perceives to need marks sense method in inkulturasi namely: 62
1. Looking
for form in origin.
2.
Applying inkulturasi's guidances.
3.
Looking for mean, send away for, new
mandate that will be passed on none other than jetty of faith.
4.
making estimation, get jetty of original
form (number method 1), looking for elements would be convenient (number method
2 and 3) and which that incompatible being discarded.
5.
Arranging new song, testing it if
kristiani's meaning selfexplanatory and fledged.
6.
Giving explanation, recognition to
people about new song mean so people gets the picture and menghayati as
elemental as integral in life culture and keagamaannya.
3.
Body That Handle Liturgi's Music at
Indonesian
One
of effort tackling interference is have available research to element local or
custom culture that will be inserted into Church ceremony, so elect gets
selective and correct mengena.
Throne Apostolic giving authority to chairman of local Church
so fitting carried on by on the qui vive one needs it. 63 Decisions about liturgi usually evoke handicap
typicaling to hit fittings, particularly at mission region as Indonesian As.
Therefore in arrange that decision ought to are of service pros for area is
pertinent. 64
Accomplished hotly Kristiani, ought to artists music realises that
they are called to develop liturgi's music and enriches its treasury. So
expected music artist expatiate songs that have character liturgi truthfully,
and not only gets to be sung by paduan little chorus and develops jemaat's
active participation devout. Poems for song liturgi shall in harmony with
Catholic teaching, even prima facie ought to been bailed from liturgi's clean
and stem book. 65 That is call of Church for
music author.
Besides as well as Universa Laus , one international agency
which handle liturgi's music, Indonesia has to warm up also which handle music
development special liturgi at country.
Body
that handle liturgi's music at Indonesian subdivided deep three scales, the
first is sexy Liturgi KWI's Music (Konperensi WaliGereja is Indonesia),
secondly, Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section, and the latest is Liturgi's Music
gallery. Marginally drd subject task it covers three areas namely: penyediaan
is medium, education and coordination and communication. But bases region scale
that they rides herd on to exist distinctive:
3.1. Commission Music section Liturgi
KWI
Commission Music section Liturgi KWI is part of Commission Liturgi
KWI that specially handle liturgi's music area at Indonesian. 66 Commission Music section Liturgi KWI has
authority assess songs that be and will circulate and giving obstat's naught
on liturgi's songs. 67 In coordination area and Music section
communication Liturgi KWI's Commission on call for example: 68
1. Look
for or passes on information about things which be engaged liturgi's music of
or to on one's side the interested parties.
2.
Even out or presenting hemetically.
3.
Arranging Liturgi's Music Congress.
4.
Building communication among or with
Liturgi's Music section.
5.
Building communication among or with
Liturgi's Music gallery.
6.
Building communication among liturgi's
musician.
7.
Delegating task to Liturgi Keuskupan's
Music section, liturgi's gallery and musician.
8.
Labour to mark sense bulletin as medium
of communication and information about things which gets bearing with
penyediaan medium, education, coordination and information and authority at
liturgi's music area.
9.
Building communication with other
Church.
10.
Building communication with commanding
institution.
11.
Building communication with sexy
liturgi's music other state.
3.2. Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section
In practise function and its task, Liturgi KWI's commission plays
ball with its partner at keuskupan's zoom. Each keuskupan at Indonesian have
Liturgi Keuskupan's Commission, entah as commission alone entah fused by other
commission. Indonesia has 34 Liturgi's Commissions at keuskupan keuskupan
region. 69
Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section is part of Commission Liturgi
Keuskupan who think up music development performing liturgi at keuskupan that
pertinent. 70 Commission Music section
Liturgi Keuskupan has authority give obstat's naught to song or observance songbook to be published
and utilized by sekeuskupan's people, besides it also authoritative arrange
censor on songs that be and will circulate. 71 In coordination area and Music section
communication Liturgi Keuskupan has task: 72
1. Mengkoordinasi
marks sense and smooth it relationship among agglomerate, parish, institute,
liturgi's gallery and musician that is at keuskupan that pertinent.
2.
Look for or passes on information about
things which be engaged liturgi's music well of and also to on one's side the
interested parties at exhaustive keuskupan.
3.
Appointing someone, gallery or a galaxy
musician liturgi to till one task musically liturgi.
4.
Building communication with sexy Liturgi
KWI's Commission Music, Liturgi's Music section, and keuskupan's gallery any
other for commutes experience or add science musically liturgi.
5.
Labour to mark sense bulletin as medium
of communication and information about things which gets bearing with
penyediaan medium, education, coordination and information and authority
musically liturgi.
6.
Building communication with commanding
institution or other institutes concerning.
3.3. Liturgi's Music gallery
One that intended with Liturgi's Music Gallery is agglomerate or
body or sexy outdoor institute Liturgi KWI's Commission Music and Liturgi
Keuskupan's Music section, that initiative and creativity pass it goes along to
till and develops liturgi's music at Indonesian. 73 Liturgi's Music section has authority to
propose and gives tipses to on one's side in charge about things which get
bearings with obstat's naught liturgi's songs. 74 In coordination area and Music Gallery
communication Liturgi on call: 75
- Look for and passes on information about things which be engaged liturgi's music well of and also to on one's side the interested parties.
- Even out or presenting hemetically.
- Building communication among or with Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section or Liturgi KWI's Music section.
- Building communication among or with Liturgi's Music gallery.
- Building communication with musicians liturgi.
- Delegating task with parishes.
- Delegating task to musicians liturgi.
- Labour to mark sense bulletin as medium of communication and information about things which gets bearing with penyediaan medium, education, coordination and information and authority at liturgi's music area.
- Building communication with other Church.
- Building communication with commanding institution.
- Building communication with sexy Liturgi's Music other state.
One of
liturgi's music gallery is Center Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music instituted by
serikat Jesus on year 1971. On year 1987 PML is made one of part of Center
Kataketik. To the effect PML is subject to be serve an office on music
developing at Indonesian in a general way and liturgi's music on in particular,
particularly in order to inkulturasi. This to the effect is laboured studi thru
to Gerejani's region and song song that is transferred or is gathered, then is
commented, improved one needs it and is published. Sometimes been arranged too
workshop with musicians region or local. Besides PML do record and memproduksi
is Cassette. Handled Church Music course by PML teaches conductor, organis and
gamelan player. Besides is published too News monthly Liturgi's Music. 76
In penyediaan's area medium and education among sexy Liturgi KWI's
Commission Music, Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section and Gallery or Liturgi's
Music Center have same task. In penyediaan's area medium for example: 77
- Menginventarisasi is liturgi's song and songbook.
- Translating song get intern language into indonesian or region or song gets indonesians into vernacular local.
- Arranging new songs.
- Labour most actually songs and songbook.
- Labour to mark sense and most reads it reading books to add sciences and skills about music liturgi.
- Giving push or road map to group or parish that wants to have bagpipe for observance the need.
One of
music development effort liturgi at Indonesian is deep educational for
liturgi's music. About Catholic Churches at Indonesian utilize method no. 115
from konsili cleans namely that: education and music practice that dijunjung
shall high in seminaries, in novisiat and such nun education institutes too in
institutes and another catholic schools. To secure this education, shall be
built with every consideration instructor which are appointed to teach clean musics.
Besides encouraged that if maybe, instituted by Innocent Music College. Music
artists, singers especially children shall too given by liturgi's educations. 78
In commission task educationals liturgi that for example: 79
- Even out or gives liturgi's music upgrading, e.g. conductor upgrading, organis, solis and pemazmur.
- Arranging liturgi's music workshop.
- Even out or gives liturgi's music course.
- Labour most actually past master at liturgi's music area.
- Commenting songs that be circulates, and insofar needs to give repair tipses.
C. Inkulturasi's
form Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
oikumenis's ala fitting happens in liturgical movement( Liturgical
Movement ). Liturgical movement to be begun since 19th century middle and
culminating on Konsili Vatikan II. at Roman Catholic Church (1963 - 1965).
Fitting and liturgical movement, giving update on elements in liturgi.
Observance manner, including room manner, officers, simbolik, stirred manner,
music, and sacrament in liturgi is placed in kontekstualisasi's grasp and
liturgical movement spirit. 80
liturgi's
adjusted history on 20th century gets in on kontekstualisasi's tussle,
particularly divides Churches at Asian, including at Indonesia. Fitting is
opened especially in the event ministering sacrament, sakramentalia,
procession, liturgi's language, music, and clean art. Inkulturasi liturgi and
music liturgi is a charge from Konsili Vatikan II. and spontaneous liturgi's
Congress and liturgi's music at Indonesian. Meanwhile Indonesianisasi
constitutes a special stage correspond to situation at Indonesian. Indonesian
archipelago apparently doesn't constitute a culture unity but points out
sizable difference among islands and cultures each. Therefore difficult is
looked for an Indonesian church music because no indonesian culture. Whatever
available is Flores's culture and music, Rob, Dayak, Java etcetera.
At
any other party, differences between region is perceived as diversity that
adequately fresh, style each region or tribe loads a typical expression. If
position gives that song in observance functionally therefore don't will only
evoke a rich variation but also each song gets to back up what does want to be
reached at that moment in observance.
1.
Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Music at
Indonesian regions
1.1. At Flores
and Timor
On year 1966 until 1970 at Ledalero Flores's Tall seminary
constitute song search heyday new observance. Even song which is resulted gets
song and Western tone ending, but form and poem was breathed liturgi new. Its
result is published deep quits Ala and at Ende 1967 and so on, with author as Jan
Riberu, And Kitti SVD, Martin Runi, Alfons Hayon etcetera. Then for one refrain
Ala and input too in songbook Fortunately
to Bapa . 81
This book for largely constitute job result of P. Appie's team der
Heijden SVD's Van with P. Alex Beding SVD. With effort to take over song of Jubilate
with substitute poem and adding more
a lot of hymn song therefore collected 403 songs. But just mite melodic song
Flores. As book that corresponds to liturgi after Konsili Vatikan II., this
songbook not just after pulls. Accordingly people progressively perceive song
tradition loss so in reason if there is voice which wants back on songbook Jubilate
. Church music situation thus at Nusa Is East South-east becomes really heterogeneous
. Wish to keep tradition where was become change in Church, liturgi and
deep culture constrains to arise it thirst taste on new song.
Nearer on culture Flores is arranged effort at Mataloko's
Intermediate seminary, Bajawa, Flores. On year 1970 celebrated seminary 40th
anniversaries Intermediate. This reason pushes komponis young, Martin Runi
expatiates one misa's song suite on a basic custom song motifs Ngada one that at a swoop espoused by dance. 82 With motifs conscientious enoughs be chosen
and by developed it song enoughs, therefore eventual materializes misa Windu's
pentameter Martin Runi's composition
that for the first time dipentaskan and at year attraction 1970 at Mataloko.
Base this experience, Martin Runi expatiates a number other song with Belu's
motif, Timor for example Misa is eventide .
On year 1974, Larantuka, Flores is East gets a Mgr's new bishop.
Darius Nggawa. Most shove by pride on be lifted one native as bishop of local,
therefore Matius Weruin, a music teacher which adequately been known at all
Flores East, expatiate one misa with mengolah local region refrains namely
songs Dolo dolo as Misa Dolo
dolo . Misa this presto spread at all Nusa's region East South-east, a
prove just how correct this opus result. Even so, originally exists also voice
which perceive recollects region song in origin and its position as song of
amusement, but that new song so its expression strength so successful grabs
heart.
On year 1977 Ledalero's Tall seminaries returns to become song
developing centers liturgi, get link will be celebrated its 40th HUT this Tall
seminary, therefore comes into the world Misa Wanderer one that is initiated for example by P. Anton
Sigoama, P. Alfons Hayon, and P. And Kitti. Really worthy to be praised
especially its song poem. 83
Despitefully
indeed still available a lot of again attempt in spread parish at Flores's
archipelago, Timor, and Sumba. But regular feels that haven't available
substitution for Jubilate. Faith
Eulogy book haven't a lot of circulating at Flores and Timor, year 1986 more or
less just exists 15.000 books Faith eulogy at Flores and 20.000 books at
Timor. Just keuskupan Weetebula, Sumba that brave take stage to use book Faith
eulogy on the contrary with special
edition namely with affix 47 kesayangan's songs Sumba's peoples of books Fortunately
to Bapa.
At
Flores and Timor Is people not overactive in singing following especially since
no book. Local ala, this void settled by compositions by conductors or komponis
is locals. But apparently which singing particularly choral. New songs seems to
be vanishings as stensilan who is made for several times vesture. Typical song
classy Flores and Timor there is also, particularly song which constitute
composition workshop result that arranged deep cooperative with Liturgi
Yogyakarta's Music Center year 1979 at Detusoko Flores and year 1986 at Betun,
Timor.
1.2. At Intermediate Java
Before Konsili Vatikan II. gendhing was utilized deep liturgi's
conduct. But Konsili Vatikan's afters II. outspoken ala one back up inkulturasi's
IDE, therefore with glow grows gendhing's myriad Hymn for example by M.
Siswanto, Ign. Pujoharsono, RL. Suwardja, Z. Sudiro, and V. Marsudi. Then
gathered by RM. Wahyosudibyo Pr and is published at year startup 70 an with
title Gendhing Jawi's Hymn melody, Gendhing is Bojana's Attendant offering,
Gendhing Jawi's Innocent melody Sunday Adi.
One newer stage again is around Story experiment misery, Macapat,
and kethoprak, Rm. Fx. Wiyono Pr with JB. Sukodi main plays a part that
sizable. Partly this experiment is documented deep gendhing's cassette Church
that published by PML. 84
Year 1968 Kolsani's Music section publishes to bind books Anyar
Kagem Gusti's melody with hymns but is not gendhing. On year 1975 Rm.
Wahyusudibyo publishes 2 volume bind books to chant Javas with Melody title
Praises Eucharist, but this songbook circulation only at parish Jetis just. PML
publishes on year 1978 an anthem bulk non gendhing with title Sumunar's
light . Year 1983 a special committees of semarang archdiocese with PML
arranges to bind books Adi's melody one that constitutes a paduan among inspires
gendhing and anthem with gamut diatonis , well with song and invocation.
1.3. At Sumatra
Inkulturasi at Sumatra North particularly Robs is not easy. It is
engaged domicile music To Rob. In tribe Robs Toba by and large traditional
music in reference to slug , its mean constitute dance accompaniment( Tortor
). Meanwhile Toba's region song was few restrain from this pattern and
smelly West. In Simalungun's tribe there are some stage create anthem with
lilting bent Simalungun: Misa, god-forsaken story song and as it were in
Simalungun's language for example Tall seminary result Siantar's Causeway. At
seribudolok's Parish on year 70 an a pastor Dutching to ask for to a traditional
musicians that moslem as to establish umpteen anthem which gets pattern and get
Simalungun's language. This song sidetensil, its example exists deep PML'S
cassette 36 Indonesian Church Music Miscellanies. 85
Tribe
Robs antic be perceived rather intern between tribal Robs, new present it
starts to be noticed by Church therefore was gotten inkulturasi's result
myriad. While tribe Robs Pakpak, Dairi constitutes tribe Rob smallest one and
devastated, therefore stage inkulturasi has found time is carried on.
About
July month of June 1986, in archdiocese Composition workshop Field at Siantar's
Causeway for the first time arranged stage seriousing to studies song To Rob
and mengolahnya is back or compose new anthems that gets pattern To Rob. This
workshop led by team from PML results 42 new songs that was published.
Happening special situation Nias's island, it is outlying but gets
culture and get special language. As it were at Robs so also at Nias, reverend
on century lasting to prohibit all custom element but apparently is not a
hundred successful percents. At mountain and south tip is still live
traditional music, particularly which is engaged martial and contest. But its
over song impudent for at o pitches upon to become observance song. Meanwhile
dance Maena one that so popular at Nias's island, are not potbound on
this custom music but smelly West. Therefore haven't a lot of available anthem
which typical Nias.
1.4. At Kalimantan
Dayak's
terms at Kalimantan not constitutes one kultural's unity. Relationship among
Kalbar and Kalteng and Kaltim last difficult too. Therefore doesn't marvel that
was gotten a lot of stage to aim inkulturasi. Or maybe available stage but
unknown besides inhabitant. Local chance of course always there is as raya's
day (Christmas, Snugly, marriage, fortunately on crop, tahbisan) or death.
Kalimantan's traditional music especially as song instrumental as offbeat as
dance. Therefore gallery which opened by P. Lucius Ginting OFM Stamps at
Pahauman Kalbar as gallery of dance with its attendant team. Solar various
result for observance (devoting, fortunately etcetera) and cassette and its
music. But P. Lucius Ginting OFM's afters Stamps move to go to Pontianak,
gallery at Pahauman little bit on the downgrade. So even with swasta's gallery
fate that have once found at Sanggau, Putusibau (Kalbar), Buntok (Kalteng)
etcetera.
P. Huvang MSF (a Kaltim's original son) keuskupan Banjarmasin, in
july 1984 invite PML'S teams to arrange composition workshop at Buntok
Kalimantan Intermediates with 40 region musicians. Its result is 20 new
anthems. On year 1985 efforts this kind of is done at tering Kalimantan East
for musicians from Kaltim. On PML'S initiative bishops one region at Kalimantan
decides to publish that song in addition in special edition Faith Eulogy
Kalimantan. As much 45 that song is loaded too in book and cassette Extemporaneous
Top reed PML'S derivative 1986.
1.5. At Sulawesi
Region at Sulawesi already becomes Christian be Toraja and Manado.
Particularly at North Sulawesi was gotten inkulturasi gets bearing with
Kolintang's Music. At all Kolintang's bagpipe Indonesia was really popular.
Since year-end 60 an exists anthem that is created preferably around Pineleng's
Tall seminary Northern Sulawesi. That song take rhythm and pattern inspiration
of Maengket's region dance and Kolintang's musics. Therefore comes into the
world a number misa's song and Hymn that published by PML year 1974 by titles Misa
Minahasa and cassette Go forward
forwards. In Faith eulogy available a number song is chosen from this
collection, but processing effort darling Minahasa's traditional music at a
dead set since year middle 70 an it is caused figures its as P. Tinggogoy,
Felix Mongdong, and Pontoan Is move goes to Java.
1.6. At Moluccas and Irian Is Dignity
inkulturasi's
fate at moluccas as as at Kalimantan, since its communication is hard therefore
acknowledged reducing. But actually available local steps just no
documentation.
After Konsili Vatikan II. on year 1979 at keuskupan Ambon was
published to bind books chant with title Let praise , but song that gets
tradition pattern Go To i. or Tanimbar or Ambon doesn't be loaded deep that
book. Book Let praise still
regular is used at Ambon because songbook Faith eulogy haven't a lot of circulating over there. 86
On year 1978 Irian Dignity gets wind, since over there appearance
one anthem suite with Misa's title Maiwana.
After been analyzed this song apparently comes into the world at
Papuan Nugini and is indonesianized at Irian Dignity. One part of misa this
also been loaded deep Faith eulogy. One that circulating over there available
20.000 more copies.
2.
Inkulturasi in Liturgi's Songbook Faith
Eulogy
As effort commissions Liturgi's Musics, Church figures, Church
artists, on liturgi's workshop and deliberation and liturgi's musics that is
done gets bearing with Konsili Vatikan's affirmation II. worthy is named in
here is bind books Faith eulogy .
Besides loads one suite of region song that taken from by
liturgi's songbooks already publishes previously this bookmaking also to serve
need thirsty people will mark sense one guidance book for liturgi's song. It
also being backed up by liturgi's constitution rule hit number clean music 117
about liturgi's songbook bookmaking specifically for song Gregorian and simpler song. That edition samples book Gregorian
shall be solved, even has to be made
ready by more publication critical of book already being published after Pius's
Saint update X. Also good if made ready by publication that load simpler song
to be utilized at smaller Church. 87
After been published its many liturgi's songbooks in advance,
therefore upon Liturgi's Music Congress III. on year 1980 at prayers book
published Jakarta and chant get title Faith eulogy . Faith eulogy constitute one of form inkulturasi and
Indonesianisasi, a form that corresponds to Konsili Vatikan II.. In Faith
eulogy that load Indonesia
diversity.
Faith eulogy arranged and broadcast
by Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music Center. Besides song at in this book available
too a number invocation. Song in it reflect liturgi's music developing at
Indonesian after Konsili Vatikan II.. One third (more or less 150 songs) of
song treasury Faith eulogy constituting translation song of Europe. Song
that is taken over from Western Church (song Christmas , Maria , Gregorian ). A third again constitute
new creature song by many komponis Indonesian, but gets Western pattern or get
international music genre. And one-third the latest reflects a zonal typical
style Indonesian, Flores's style, Java, Kalimantan, Pentatonis etcetera.
Zonal style in binds books Faith eulogy this constitutes a chance to celebrate
observance with local region song, so more mengena at heart. Diversity in 450
that song slated that people can choose song at one's will. Faith eulogy giving chance to know song of Indonesia
region, Catholic soul at Indonesian. Christ body unites tribe, therefore may
also Faith eulogy this was
utilized region beyond that pertinent origin is liked.
On Year 1992 are published Suplemen's Faith eulogy with 270 new songs of regions at Indonesian
theretofore one insufficiently been represented. Total Faith eulogy one that is passed round until year 1994 up to
well-nigh two million copies. Severally keuskupan adds special attachment on Faith
eulogy .
About Faith Eulogy 2000
Since year 1997 Liturgi's Music Center tries to arrange book
refreshings Faith eulogy one that
years published first time 1980. In this refreshing regular keeps 450 songs,
but 52 song substituted by new songs. Besides, numbers, poem and song song Faith
eulogy so long is kept. It is meant
so book Faith eulogy so long gets
to be used stands up with book Faith eulogy new, particularly choir book and accompaniment
book make a abode beneficent. Besides Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music Center opines
that one song already dihapal may not revamp song and its poem because have
become flesh, have become people belonging so get as been sung invocation.
In Faith eulogy edition 2000 it songs Gregorian negated because apparently subtracted being
used, adequately is hard to be sung so substituted by Hymn and Melody . Even at one party a lot of
people that haven't perceived snugly with Hymn, but at any other content party
a number Hymn so current with living the present day. For song enthusiast Gregorian
have available special book that
gets title et Origo's lux PML'S
derivative also.
New song in binds books Faith eulogy 2000 come from 39 arranged Composition workshop by
center Liturgi's Music at various region with is more than 1000 musicians of
keuskupan's sorts. Song are created in company with aims to enrich liturgi with
colour elemental Indonesian tradition musics. 88
So
presumably, church music at Indonesian apparently effloresce continually
corresponds to its task from Konsili Vatikan II. and spontaneous Konperensi
Indonesia Bishop namely to berinkulturasi.
1 Theo Witkamp, Yr. D, “ Primordial christianity hymns in the
context First Century Jew ”, in Discourse Ambasador echo, Church Music
edition (Yogyakarta: Discourse Ambasador echo, 1994), hlm. 16.
2 Ibid. hlm. 18.
3 “ Gregorian is
Kristiani's observance song eldest.” Adolf Heuken SJ's see, I. Volume Church encyclopaedia (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1991), hlm. 399.
4 “Pius x officiates as Pope (1903 - 1914) according to motto it it
wants membaharui everything deep Christ and centralizes its effort on Church
problem, advancing liturgi's update and ofisi's invocation.“ Adolf Heuken SJ's
see, Volume Church encyclopaedia IV. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1994), hlm. 12.
5 Karl Edmund Prier SJ. Guidance For Song and Music in Universa Laus's
Document Observance (Yogyakarta:
PML, 1987), hlm. 8.
6 Adolf Heuken SJ, Encyclopaedia Volume church II. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1992), hlm. 59.
7 Adolf Heuken SJ, III. Volume Church encyclopaedia (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1993), hlm. 197.
8 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Domicile Song In Liturgi (Yogyakarta: PML, 1987), hlm. 4.
9 Gabriel Manek SVD, Instruction About Music in Liturgi (Ende: Arnoldus, 1967), hlm. 5.
10 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, directorium About
Liturgi's Music Development at Indonesian (Yogyakarta: Liturgi KWI's commission, 1989),
hlm. 3.
11 JB is kustanto SJ's
Day, Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion
in Javanese culture (Yogyakarta:
Pastoral Yogyakarta's center, 1989), hlm. 8.
12 Jean Yves Calves,
“Inkulturasi's reality ”, in Spritual, XXXIII, No. 8, August 1986, hlm. 266.
13 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song (Yogyakarta: PML, 1986), hlm. 3.
14 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Guidance …. op. cit., hlm. 3.
15 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, loc. cit..
16 Romdon, Religion Comparative Studies methodology:
An Early Introduction (Jakarta: PT.
Grafindo's king Homeland, 1996), hlm. 76 - 77.
17 Sutrisno Hadi, Research's methodology i. Volume (Yogyakarta: Faculty Publisher foundation
UGM'S Psychology, 1998), hlm. 42.
18 Winarno Surakhmad, Scientific Research introduction: Basic,
Method, and Tech (Bandung Tarsito,
1990), hlm 131.
19 “Church music and Stripling
”, in Music in Religious Service at SMP'S Adolescent Commission, at http: //www. gkjmb. or. id. bulletin10
/ tiwi. html., hlm.1.
20 Karl Edmund Prier SJ,
“Church Music developing Until 20th Century ”, in Discourse Ambasador echo, Church
Music edition (Yogyakarta: Discourse Ambasador echo, 1994), hlm. 35 - 36.
21 “Church music and
Stripling,……”, op. cit., hlm.1.
22 Schola are titled for a galaxy practiced singer.
23 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, “……'s
developing ”. op. cit., hlm.
36.
24 Ibid, hlm. 37.
25 Ibid .
26 Music Klerikal are music that becomes task or one part did by
Cleric (devout men that accepts
tahbisan diakoniat, imanat or keuskupan).
27 “ Profan come from profane's word in english language,
one that terminological lingual meaning gross, improper, as bold as brass. But
in at variance with mean word sacred (clean)
profan secular matter,
ordinary.” John M. Echols's see and Hassan Sadily, Indonesian English dictionary (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1987), hlm. 449.
28 Karl Edmund Prier, “……'s developing..” op. cit , hlm. 37.
29 Karl Edmund Prier
SJ,”Developing …..… ”, op. cit., hlm. 41.
30 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, I. Music history (Yogyakarta: PML, 1991), hlm. 93.
31 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, “……'s
developing.”, op. cit., hlm. 47 -
49.
32 Devosional are devotional something. Music flow Devosional
are streaming one get divine
observance character keagamaan in its relationship with devotion ,
obedience.
33 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Guidance For Song and Music in Universa
Laus's Document Observance (Yogyakarta: PML, 1987), hlm. 4.
34 Ibid. hlm. 5.
35 JB. Days kustanto SJ, Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion in
Javanese culture (Yogyakarta: PPY,
1989), hlm. 40.
36 R. Hardawiryana SJ, Konsili Vatikan's document II. (Jakarta: Torch, 1993), hlm. V.
37 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. II..
38 R. Hardawiryana, op. cit., hlm. 42.
39 J. Riberu, op. cit., hlm. 38.
40 R. Hardawiryana, loc. cit..
41 Ibid, hlm. 44.
42 Ibid, hlm. 18.
43 Jean Yves Calves, “
Inkulturasi's reality ”,in Spritual , XXXIII year, No. 8.
44 JB. Days kustanto SJ., Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion in
Javanese culture (Yogyakarta: PPY,
1989),hlm. 40.
45 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 122.
46 Liturgi MAWI's commission, “ Inkulturas i. ” in Liturgia's build i. (Jakarta: Torch, 1985), hlm. 19.
47 Adolf Heuken SJ, Volume Church encyclopaedia II. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1992), hlm. 103.
- sekertariat PWI Liturgi, Inkulturasi Liturgi (Jakarta: DokPenMawi, 1980), hlm. 219.
49 7
Communio in brotherhoods meaning
Church unmitigated.
50 Anscar J. Chupungco
OSB, Liturgi's fitting in Culturizes ,
(Yogyakarta: Kanisius,1987), hlm. 11.
51 Aristarchus Sukarto , “ Kontekstualisasi
is Gerejawi's Music: A Teologis's judgment and kultural ” , in Discourse
Ambasador echo no. 48 October Church Music Editions 1996, hlm. 119.
52 Ibid. .
53 Antonius K. Sensibleness, Let singing with at http://www. mudika. com / is inspiration /
myview. PHP? InspID.
1 2
Lee Chong Ming, Current
church music: Music Is Not Just Constitute An aesthetical , at http:// www.
gkjmb. or. id / buletin10 / kampmusik. html.
1 3
Aristarchus Sukarto, op. cit., hlm. 122.
1 4
Ibid.
1 5
Ibid. I
54 Karl Edmund Prier SJ., Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song (Yogyakarta: PML, 1986), hlm. 11.
55 Ibid., hlm. 11 - 12.
56 Anscar J. Chupungco
OSB, Liturgi's fitting in Culturizes (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1987), hlm. 13.
57 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 123.
58 J. Riberu, Guidance
history crossbar Aims (Jakarta:
Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 38.
59 Ibid, hlm. 39.
60 Ibid.
61 PWI Liturgi's secretariat, Inkulturasi Liturgi (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1980), hlm. 233.
62 Ibid. hlm. 288.
63 R. Hardawiryana, Konsili Vatikan's document II. (Jakarta: Dokpen KWI, Torch, 1993) , hlm. 18.
64 Ibid.
65 J. Riberu, op. cit., hlm. 39 - 40.
66 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, directorium About
Liturgi's Music Development at Indonesian (Yogyakarta: Liturgi KWI's commission, 1989),
hlm. 6.
67 Ibid. hlm. 8
68 Ibid. hlm. 7 - 8.
69 Liturgi KWI's
commission, Liturgi's profile, at http: //www. kawali. org / is liturgi's
profile. html.
70 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 10.
71 Ibid. hlm. 12.
72 Ibid. hlm. 11.
73 Ibid . hlm. 13.
74 Ibid. hlm. 14.
75 Ibid.
76 Adolf Heuken SJ, Volume Church encyclopaedia IV. (Jakarta: Compose Loka Emissary, 1994), hlm.
60 - 61.
77 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 6 - 7.
78 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 39.
79 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 7.
80 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 121.
81 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ….. op. cit., hlm. 9.
82 In Catholic Church besides liturgi's
music known too liturgi's dance , which is liturgi what do at
attraction or form a part of dance a liturgi, even is not each while there is
or be utilized deep misa's celebration.
83 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi …… op. cit., hlm. 10.
84 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ……. op. cit., hlm. 12.
85 Ibid. , hlm. 13.
86 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ……. op. cit., hlm. 16.
87 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 39.
88 Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music
center, Prayer Book Faith eulogy and
Edition Song 2000 (Yogyakarta: Music
center
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