PAPER
Proposed to
Ushuluddin's Faculty
Country Islam institute
Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
For meeting a portion
Requisite Gets To Exhibit
Theologi's master Islam
in
Ushuluddin's knowledge
By:
RIKALUFI IS WARDHANI'S
APOCALYPSE
96522172
RELIGION COMPARE MAJORS
USHULUDDIN'S FACULTY
COUNTRY ISLAM INSTITUTE
SUNAN KALIJAGA
YOGYAKARTA
2003
ABSTRACTEDLY
This
paper gets title “Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Music at Indonesian Pasca Konsili
Vatikan II. ”. Inkulturasi is
liturgi's music at Indonesian constitutes a kreasi new in develop liturgi's
music by develops culture and local custom as affecting as of Konsili Vatikan's
document II..
To
the effect of observational it is subject to be mengungkap Konsili Vatikan's
document influence II. to liturgi's music developing at Indonesian, understand
exhaustively its happening process inkulturasi liturgi's music at Indonesian
and knows form of liturgi's music at Indonesian. To reach to the effect that
researcher utilizes to methodic documentation by utilizes maximal ala,
researching relevant library material with about problem which is analyzed.
Data at o and dianalisis with tech descriptive analytic which is method which
is utilized to a collected data then is arranged, worded and hereafter
dianalisis. To menganalisis data is utilized way bethinks inductive, study that
bases thinking that gets special character then be concluded deep activity which
generically.
Via
that observational method can describe this research result, which is: First,
mark sense distinctive base; before Konsili Vatikan II. inkulturasi
is done bases permit from keuskupan Rome, and Konsili Vatikan's afters II.
inkulturasi's effort liturgi's music is laboured with gets guidance on konsili
Vatikan's document II.. Both of, one that as constraint in processes
inkulturasi liturgi's music at Indonesian is cultural tribal variety different
one. Third, if in advance in liturgi's music just known by
Gregorian's music and Polifoni Is clean, but konsili Vatikan's afters II. kreasi's
amends new in liturgi's music. As it were that available in Faith Eulogy
songbook.
For
moslem people, benefit of this research is expand discourse and science about
music liturgi to been made material for treasury development effort Islami's
music, as how be formed a special body that handle that music development.
I. CHAPTER
FOREWORD
Problem background
Christian church is begun as
a Jewish sect. 1 Dance and paean as hymn
constitutes one of part of recognised Jew observance everyone that wonted visit
Allah Couplet at Yerussalem on first century while Christian sect starts
amends. 2
Church music experiences
developing history that long. Until with churches music tenth century equal
music Gregorian, 3 one that is kept on
word-of-mouth and improvisation. Since haven't available music notation,
therefore song Gregorian unegual
amends on region that variably. Reputed music as something that not necessarily
been looked after its uniformity, but as elemental as functional one was
answered the purpose by people that attending deep observance.
With its amends music polifon
since 11th century, most composes
various shaped special new music for chorus, so over and above liturgi's music,
come into the world usable interval song in liturgi. Music profan one
that quality being divorced from keagamaan's music new since 17th century. Pius
x 4 in Motu Proprio - the
Tra Le Sollectudine year 1903 differentiates among Church Musics and
Music Sacra. The last one
equalised with Gregorian's music as styled as ideal and clean. According to
pattern this is all music in church ought to being updated.
No music which can call
Kristiani's observance music. Song Gregorian is Greece culture song
inheritance, hymn St. Ambrosius is profan's song processing 4th centuries of
European South-east. So too Middle Age anthem constitute culture processing(=
quality song) of 14th century until with 18th century. So that all this time
reputed as typical as gerejani as khidmad, peace, real clean is trifling person
attitude that gets observance, are not trifling type / form / music character.
But Christian person attitude others terminological epoch and place, therefore
music liturgi also different terminological epoch and place. 5
In catholic church scope,
well-nigh observance equals liturgi, one that often been called churches
official observance. Church observance terminology emphasizes on external cult
aspect from liturgi, namely ceremony and u another divine, one that did by
God's people as Body Of Jesus Christ Mystic that arranged by hierarchical ala
namely in an official way and before inviolate people common The Infinite,
thank and declare for faith to her. 6
In life Christian person
knockabout doesn't perform as churchman but, if they congregate on behalf its
mean Christ as christendom they form and act as church, as organ of Christ. All
activity profan (secular) all day-to-day life to be taken in to hadapan
God, purified and diperteguh in observance. Therefore observance, notably
eucharistic constitute clearest faith expression as basic and top all Allah
activity (bdk g 11 and 26). In extensive mean, observance ranges divine form
miscellaneous with, e.g. the word observance, observance seven Jesus the word
at Crucify, praise etcetera. So gets to be said that observance constitutes an
unity, all element which as music and also is not music be concerned by the one
with another one. Therefore Kristiani's observance music can't divorce from
person place congregates, of development church (architecture), of fine arts,
language, gesture, music and dance.
In Konsili Vatikan II. (1963
- 1965), direlativasi's Church Music mean by says Church Music presumably get
clean becoming hand in glove relationship it with observance ceremony. Music
blessing, invocation expression is made more visceral, taste one heart of
people gets to be manured, and clean ceremony are enriched with greater solemn
taste. 7
Church music can be differentiated as
two types:
- Liturgi's music or Observance Music
Liturgi is top and
Kristiani's lifeblood. 8 Be liturgi's music constitutes an a part functional deep liturgi
(L 112), since given observance parts obviously did by singings. liturgi's
music particularly range people song so gets active role in observance. To the
effect that glorious strove for a special attitude singing time and gets music.
Not copy which make music as sacred, but heart of men that is revealed in
music.
- Spiritual song
Spiritual song is engaged christian
religion, but is created for keagamaan's needs besides observance, e.g. as song
of spiritual amusement or delicate song is sung deep meet or can also as song
of study in sunday school.
Even limitation it not so clear, among
liturgi's music and spritual song have aim that variably. Therefore advisable
avoided by Church Music terminology using up and used by Liturgi's Music and
Spritual Song. Form vocalic music and instrumental one constitutes liturgi
Kristiani's interior that is so-called liturgi Kristiani's music or Kristiani's
observance music.
Innocent music in its facet
that concern liturgi's update, was regarded by accurate by Konsili Ecumenical
Vatikan second. Konsili has worded music role in Godlike ceremonies, have
issued principles and law hits it in Constitution about liturgi and even have
provided one special chapter of that constitution to work through music
problem. 9
In liturgi, people devouting
to sit main role. Therefore liturgi's music ought to serves an office on people
behalf and everlastingly push active ala people participation in liturgi's
celebration. It pettily that liturgi's music gets indigent in conection with
character massal of people, on the contrary has progressively quality and get
image. Therefore potency among people needs to be involved, and existing
initiative needs to be noticed. 10
Liturgi's music Church on
each place which variably experiences inkulturasi with local culture. Since
Konsili Vatikan II., with clear in fomentations resounding catholic churches
that church exposes oneself and accept local culture elements in as much as
that culture elements not prinsipiil's ala leaves behind by Catholic dogma. 11 That confidence available affinity among
religion and culture has made compulsory catholic church for faithful listen
culture whisper. Wider another liabilities is subject to be merefleksikan and
contemplates process be formed by it interaction culturizes man. That
liabilities constitute first phase of processes inkulturasi. This inkulturasi's
process can see as trip of the one culture wend another culture. Religion and
also Kristianitas finally is part of man culture. 12 To the effect inkulturasi liturgi is liturgi's
cast or celebration church in procedure and all the way atmosphere in harmony
with taste goal culturizes people that gets observance. With simpler word, to
the effect inkulturasi it that people that follow wonder-stricken observance by
song, invocation, device or decoration, and ceremony, since all lovely
terminological estimation which is used in life knockabout culture.
Basic from inkulturasi is
mark sense that trust even culture indirectly (over man) created by God,
therefore it well marks sense. And that consciousness imperfect culture because
available also stray man possible, (e.g.: God were viewed as by God that
remained deep treed, custom indoors, one that charges sesaji, one that anger if
a decision it is not is accomplished). Therefore inkulturasi just maybe via
atonement process (there is culture element that shall be left to be able to
encounter with God). 13
Felt by current society music trend that
gets reputed sekularistis needs road map already be patternized deep
inkulturasi musics in liturgi to build liturgi's music that gets wight. By
realises that liturgi's music constitutes a part functional deep liturgi,
therefore church looks on to need be arranged institute which handle liturgi's
music problem well that gets international scale, national, and also smaller
scale again.
Universa Laus is one
international agency for church music. Instituted on year 1966 at Europe on
initiative of Catholic Church figure with Christian Church anothering to
studies and work through music problem in liturgi. Effort jetty dot this lays
in liturgi's update from Konsili Vatikan II.. Therefore historical problem,
teologis, pastoral, and technical about music in observance constitutes subject
in working meeting and arranged congress by Universa Laus as almost each year.
Year 1980 job result of last years to be formulated with deep opus writes as
grapple for staged next. Even available difference between states in church
music tradition and music culture, but perceived by that church music essence
same. 14
Indonesia has alone music
tradition that big its mean in life gets religion and societal. Therefore
properly liturgi's music ditumbuhkembangkan Indonesian via processes
inkulturasi so people was helped to find its id as people that devout
Indonesian with its culture background typical one. (bdk KL 119). 15 That culture cans be
inkulturasi's source liturgi's music therefore traditional music shall live.
For moribund traditional music have as been reanimated profan's custom music as
tradition that typical one constitutes floor for formative succeeding
(inkulturasi).
Even church gets universal
character, but de facto local
bishop with its people which present church manifestly. Therefore bishop father
with liturginya's commission is in control of life and liturgi's music
developing in territorial keuskupan that pertinent. In this case collaboration
with keuskupan any other straightforward and also under Musics sexy
coordination Liturgi KWI's Commission so encouraged. So too cooperative with
gallery or Liturgi's Music Center in keuskupan own or another keuskupan.
Problem formula
With see problem background that writer
describes upon, therefore in this paper writing gets to be formulated many
problems which is:
- How is
Konsili Vatikan's influence II. (Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium)
to Liturgi's Music developing at Indonesian?
- How processes
inkulturasi's happening Liturgi's Music at Indonesian?
- How forms inkulturasi
Liturgi's Music at Indonesian?
To the effect Research
In this paper writing available many aim
that want writer to reach, adjusted by background and existing problem formula.
There is aim even that among those is:
- To mengungkap Konsili
Vatikan's influence II. to Liturgi's Music developing at Indonesian.
- For over understands
exhaustively its happening process inkulturasi liturgi's music at
Indonesian.
- To know form from
inkulturasi Liturgi's Music at Indonesian.
- Specially intent
observational it divides Islam people be expand discourse and science
about music liturgi to been made material for treasury development
effort Islami's music, as be formed a special body that handle that
music development.
Review Library
Before mengkaji is libraries that writer
uses in research, writer need to reveal that this research constitute
development of a variety research and writing about music liturgi church as
sectioned as functional. Writer tries to reveal liturgi's music situation at
Indonesian after Konsili Vatikan II. one experiences inkulturasi culture with
its variety. Indirectly writer also cast liturgi's music difference before and
after Konsili Vatikan II. in particular at Indonesia.
As study of library can be
revealed in here, amongst those: book gets title Domicile Song in Liturgi by Karl Edmund Prier SJ PML Yogyakarta's
derivative, year 1987. In this book Prier work through structure of an
observance, each part of event in an observance ceremony has to alone mean so
necessary song would be convenient. E.g., song would be convenient for
uncovering is song get couplet.
Then directorium About
Liturgi's Music Development at Indonesian , bind books Musics sexy
derivative Liturgi KWI's Commission, Yogyakarta, 1989 it work through music
development efforts liturgi who involve Liturgi's Music commission. Instruction About Music in Liturgi Arnoldus's
derivative, Ende, 1967 speak konsili's decisions that concern update in
innocent music and subject norm for constitution performing about music
liturgi. This instruction arranged by Gabriel Manek SVD. Karl Edmund Prier SJ
in binds books that published by PML Yogyakarta year 1986, Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song inkulturasi's problem speaking and
Indonesianisasi Is liturgi's music. Then in Guidance For Song and Music in
Universa Laus's Document Observance (Comment and translation) PML Yogyakarta's derivative, year 1987, Prier
tries to comment and menterjemahkan. This book is meaty guidance for staged
next, that substantially church music is as despite exist distinctive deep
church music tradition and music culture.
Then book Reporting /
Deliberation Result Formula Liturgi and Liturgi's Music Jakarta archdiocese, this book special works through inkulturasi
liturgi's music at Jakarta archdiocese, published at Jakarta, by Liturgi KAJ's
Committee year 1983. The last one book Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion In
Javanese culture by JB. Days
kustanto SJ. This book works through to hit culture Java who can keep its
personality and its input effort religion outgrows namely Catholic pass through
culture entrance.
Other than libraries upon following paper title that needs writer
to name berkenaan with that problem, amongst those: M. Khanan Muchtar in its
paper Catholic conception and Protestant About Liturgi. It tries to compare among concept liturgi in
Catholic and Protestant. Then Inkulturasi is Catholic Church to Javanese
Mystic Aspect by Siti Romlah. Liturgi in Pentecost Church by Siti
Muslihah. Evayani Fadhillah in its paper Liturgi in Konsili Vatikan
II.. And Royani Wibowo the latest in
paper that gets title Karawitan's accompaniment in Church (Studi to
Inkulturasi in Liturgi), this paper
works through to hit savvy karawitan, its component and karawitan at
environmental church.
E . Observational
method
In each research must be not untrammeled
of method. Absolute method marks sense since constitute that effort research
can performed with every consideration so get result that satisfies. In this
paper, method that is utilized is:
- Data Collecting method. In gather this data writer utilizes
to methodic documentation . Method documents to constitute data
collecting method by use of data source that as document, in this case is
penelusuran up relevant library with theme constitutes to clear a root
that mandatory being sailed through utilised come within data which
komprehensif. It adjusted by paper research character this one can be
grouped into historical observational type.
- Approaching. In this paper, approaching that writer utilizes
is historical approaching. Approaching historicaling to constitute effort
to research derivation and IDE IDE growth religion via given periods of
formative histories and also constitute efforts to estimate force role
that really regards religion. 16 In this case effort research history and
liturgi's music developing at Indonesian with affecting sort of local
culture variety so composed by inkulturasi.
- Analisis's method Data. Data at o and dianalisis with tech
descriptive analytic which is method which is utilized to collected data
something then is arranged, worded and hereafter dianalisis. 17
According to this
research for menganalisis acquired data of yielding observational writer
utilizes to make the point bethinks inductive, which is study which up on
thinking which gets special character for then concluded deep activity
which generically. 18
- Sistematika
is Study
In
this paper writer plots to make sistematika study as follows:
First
chapter as Advance As covers: Problem background, Problem formula, To the
effect Research, Review Library, Observational method, and Sistematika Is
Study.
Chapter
second works through in around Church Music trip that covers: History and
Liturgi's Music developing Church before Update Term, Liturgi's Music and Song
task before Konsili Vatikan II., and Periodisasi Is Liturgi's Music Update in
Catholic Church.
Drd
chapter is hit Inkulturasi Liturgi's Music that covers: Inkulturasi's savvy,
Inkulturasi Divides Catholic Church, and requirement On Kontekstualisasi Liturgi's
Music, and Liturgi's Music as Lingual As and Mode For Bible and Culture meets.
Chapter
fourth hit Liturgi's Music at Indonesian consisting of: History and Liturgi's
Music developing at Indonesian before Konsili Vatikan II., Liturgi's music at
Indonesian After Konsili Vatikan II. and Inkulturasi's Form Liturgi's Music at
Indonesian.
Chapter
to five is Closing meaty conclusions and tips.
CHAPTER II.
IN AROUND LITURGI'S
MUSIC TRIP
- History and Liturgi's Music developing Church
before Update Term
As it were have columnist figures
previously, liturgi's music experience developing history that long. This
following constitute description laconicing to hit liturgi's music history
since primordial christianity epoch until draws near update term.
- Premiere church music
Music constitutes a part life deep primal social secular person
Hebrew. They don't differentiate among spiritual life and secular. Their music
life grows from men soul that its knockabout life managed by their religion.
According to Jewish writing collection that written by bible writing afters,
Salomo's king gets married with dowered Egyptian woman as 1000 music
equipments. 19 Christian religion background in its relationship with main source
which is jewish religion becomes startup to speak liturgi's sources (observance
manner) gerejawi's christian and music.
“After sings paean, go Jesus and students it go to Olive hills.”
So Matius's Bible news 26:30 and Markus 14:26 about last supper which arranged
by Jesuses and its student. This banquet basically gets Jewish Paschal banquet
form so end with Hallel's song namely Hymns 114 until 118. This is startup of
Christian observance music that is drawned out in Premiere church observance. 20
In Antic Greece myth music is looked on as creature of davit or
demigod. There is that assumption music has fantastic power that can perfect body
and man soul, and making your ’ jizat in universalizes natural. As well as in
Hebrew tradition, in Antic Greece tradition even music can't divorce from
keagamaan's ceremonies, e.g. bagpipe Iyra relates with flow Apollo , Aulos get bearing with bagpipe dionysus. 21 In Hebrew music, poem
and song is said more essential of its music and its more song is emphasized to
follow fairly heave of poem and accent between that word. Christian generation
originally utilize long time Jew songs for their repression.
Its
mean, indigenous Premiere church music shaped observance song as it were is
done in sinagoge Jew. Since haven't available music notation on that epoch,
this song improvisations passing amends a solis. At the time draw near Long
Time agreement final, entering Christ epoch, the jews lets ala amends
repression free hand. In New indentured term, apostles Jesus keeps on wont as
jew by follow observance at Innocent Couplet at Yerussalem / Sinagoge. Longs
Time indentured psalter which do ever be sung deep Jewish observance and new
songs that praise Jesus in shaped as hymn becomes liturgi's basic that is sung
in early Christian observance. Church music Premiering to drawn out Jewish
observance song tradition and also music tradition of Palestinian and its vicinity.
- Church Music term Look For its Id
Until developing Period On Century x
Begin churches i. century be scattered until south Europe area. At
inheritances effloresce Rome Premiere church. Since century IV. besides solis
available too schola . 22 So most makes way for song is richer will art. At Milano,
Effloresce North italian shaped new song that pioneered by St. Ambrosius (333 -
397). In martial against Arian's nation (386), it often being boxed in deep
church with its people. Then it coaches them easy song are sung together. The
first, hymn or eulogy namely song gets couplet with new poem is not
of clean book. Secondly is antiphon's song, refren that at rebetween Hymn
sentences. 23
Hymn music genre comes from Syria who is taken in goes to Western
Europe on century IV., then developed by St. Ambrosius accords culture and
local the need. A current adjusted form recognised with inkulturasi's
terminology. Happening subject developing Rome. Since century IV. observance
celebration is celebrated in an official way in basilica church, no longer
cover-up in catacomb. Until century VI lush effloresce observance song,
Gregorius's pope Grand (590 - 604) perceive to need manages it, then comes into
the world song Gregorian . This song continually effloresce, as
tradition and middle age church music backbone. At tone Northern Europes melisma
one that loaded length with new
poem, tropus and sekuensi . 24
Until
century x effloresce music as tradition of oral as jemaat's music, sung in
Latin language and apprehended by all people.
- Church music In Middle Age Term
(1000 - 1400)
About year 1000 changed happenings in church music. At notations
developed Europe music, for need didactic . Song Gregorian viewed as by obligatory inheritance, so
becomes daring komponis as to establish music Polifon one that gilt-edged. Therefore comes into the
world new look church music, Organum .
On XXII century at Paris, Prancis is school amends Notre is Dame with tall ritmik art, then with motetus and conductus one that included Ars Antiqua. On 14th century to be utilized ars Nova as
notation new. 25
That time, church music
becomes music klerikal , 26 jemaat becomes passive
because singer and chorus just exist at seminary and abbey. It makes church
again and again issue regulation about observance music, but fact in conflict
with that expected. Therefore since Priests XIII century have to utter all
liturgi's text, even that song took by chorus.
Church music is seen in
addition, decoration, not integral part of observance. So open end gap among
official liturgi and church music. On year 1300 terminology appearances Musica
Ecclesiastica for song Gregorian ,
and Musica Mensurata for song Polifon
. Concluded by church music developing becomes art Polifon are yielding formative church at Northern
Europe and effect European music culture confrontation south( Gregorian )
one that monodis (one voice,
organum).
Church
via processes inkulturasi to advance artistry, but at any other church music
maturation party wreak conflict with chairman of church: church gets judicial
formality, bearing out ritus of on faith in observance conduct.
- Renesans's church music (1400 -
1600)
As compared to Middle Age music, Renesans's music more manusiawi.
It appears in vocalic rounded sound Renesans, voice that effloresce linear in Polifon
as harmonious. komponis no longer
expatiate voice by piece but composition concept entire. Its melody is
simplified and adorned by prescribed abatamen breathing human. Ritmik Gothic
one that elaborate being substituted
by life rhythm that is adrift and modestly. Requisite vocalic music cast
loading and sensory one most loads deep poem.
Up to century XV at
beginning Belgian to be formed music centers, komponis's place distinguishing does
work at one's request prince and also Bishop, at palace and particular
cathedral formed by choruses, orchestra, and creative activity that adequately
lush. Generally komponis that not remained makes a abode, but berkeliling, so
at musics genre effloresce Europe new, Renesans's music. This music is
henpecked shaped motet , a music form that gets jetty of poem and
contemplate it in alae cut dry runs Polifon. Over and above church music, music art amends Profan
27 at Italian (Madrigal) with tall quality.
Drawing near Konsili Trente
(1545 - 1563) available two church music flows: the first, want to dam and
protects church music tradition (namely song Gregorian and music Polifon long time classic), and the second one, want
musics formative studying new Madrigal art with look for benefit for church
music. 28
In Konsili Trente, poem
processing in composition motet looked on over free comprises wont solis using decoration, affix in takes song,
frivolous attitude organis who use amusement music as interval. About
difference both of flow, Konsili just charges that poem in church music can be
a prey to and song Profan avoided
in observance. Song Gregorian that was petted intensively preferably at
seminaries. But decision performing is turned over on local Bishop.
This on a basic local church
music center amendses, one that coloured by local tradition and stamped by
given music expert. G. P. da Palestrina (Church music rescuer Polifon )
successful creates music genre Polifon one that so balance by develops tech Polifon
of Dutch school and develops it with
sound beautiful typical Italian. Besides available other music expert as: G.
Allegri is with Miserere , W. A. Mozart, and Orlando De Lasso what does
menyumbangkan 60 misa and 1200 motet for church music.
About year 1600 sizable
changed happening, music monodi with basso continuo and with chord replace musics capital and polifon. This was developed at Italian, Germany in
catholic church and also Protestant. Music genre monodi with accompaniment basso continuo just last temporary until century middling
XVII then substituted by new form as Orgelmesse , Versetti (short songs for reed organ to replace solis
in takes sentence Magnificat and Hymn ). Besides appearance also
church music which instrumental purification as Sonata church, Epistelsonate , elevation etc.. 29
Catholic church music on its
reality gets traditional character, for Adven's term observance and Prapaskah,
sound forbidden church instrumental gay so utilized by gerejawi's typical music
as Gregorian and Polifoni a
capella Palestrina's style.
- Barok's style (1600 - 1750)
Particularly
on XVII century, in absolutism system, church experiences external developing
with luxurious architecture. So too with liturgi's celebration and church
music. It is backgrounded, the first since prestige to get achievement or
competitor among palace, secondly because martial situation up to 40 years and
tastes not safe in life knockabout push society to look for grapples on God.
Therefore doesn't marvel church music developing becomes gay, don't even rare
intemperate fairly one.
Chairman
of catholic church tries to restrain church music developing by bears out that
poem liturgi may not be reduced or is revamped, prohibition be used bagpipe
especially flute and piano because stamped as music of theatre, bagpipe type
prohibition up to prapaskah. But all order it gets regional character. Pope
mandate about church music does ever be led to keuskupan Rome. Princes Barok
sees church music in their palace as swasta's business, and since canon law and
civil law is came to pieces, therefore church music managed by secular
institution.
- Wina's Classic epoch
Churches music big opus on XVIII century and Wina's classical
music largely constitute opus from Joseph Haydn, W. A. Mozart, and L.
Beethoven's Van. Over and above drawn out Barok's tradition with offbeat
orchestra which kitsch, in this music is seeming idealistical classic Wina as
to establish music which quality as high as maybe, so technical grapple,
formal, and esthetic of music profan classic is taken over in church music.
Classic epoch church music reflects an optimism and extensive
view. Church music Mozart not in contrast to music profan as operatic as Mozart's creature. As well as
another classic artist, Haydn and Mozart serves an office on Allah with glad
heart. Haydn says: “Since Allah gives to me heart something that jolly,
therefore presumably It will pass over daku, if I serve an office to her with
glad heart ”. 30
XVIII
century man perceives one by world vicinity the base humanism as it were
chastened by filosof on XVIII century (Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, etcetera). On
this epoch faith so openended for world, so lifting all element who can show
this openended attitude into church music.
- Romantik's century
On romantik's century church music attitude get criticism because
is assessed over glad and exposed. In the early century XIX, E. YR. A. Hoffman,
a man of letters Germanicing to lead liturgi's music church becomes innocent
music art church( musica sacra ) one that intent lift heart of men
directing to God pass through simple roots, purification, with beautiful sound.
In century catholic church music XIX available three flows: 31
- Flow that drawn out classic epoch tradition Wina. Wina's
classic aspiration drawned out by a number komponis as C.M. Von is
Weber, Franz Schubert, Kaspar Ett, and preferably A. Bruckner. komponis
works independent ala, therefore composition which they create to
constitute cetusan person faith or bases order. Not compositions
prescriptive observance them, but composition determines observance
character via styled composition, so church music gets also dipentaskan
in concert building as it were divine service Solemnes Beethoven's opus.
- Movement Cecilianisme . Cecilianisme are an organisational in German's
catholic church, one that found on year 1868 by a priests, F.X. Witt to
unite catholic church choir choir. Witt takes over aspiration musica
sacra from E.T. Hoffmann.
This to the effect began by song refreshing Gregorian and updates music Polifon Palestrina's style. But expert
Cecilianisme in reconditioned song Gregorian get jetty on Editio Medicaea of year 1614 / 1615, meanwhile monks
from Solemnes, France by investigates copies of Middle Ages. Therefore
happens under the way emulation between they, this dispute solved by
XIII Leo Pope on year 1901 by corrects Solemnes's versions. K.G.
Fellerer assesses restaurasi, return goes to historical form as ideal
for observances deep music, and music Gregorian and Polifoni antic classic to be viewed as ideal
church music.
- Music flow Devosional . 32 In
Romantik's term arises a new devotion (subyektif and sentimental). But
this devotion not gets estuary in unmitigated liturgi but frequent stray
deep moral and mistisme. Besides Cecilianisme with its binding on
music Polifon a capella , individualism has begat church music
experiences a stagnation (jam, don't make progress) a new one settling
on century XX, begun while update by Pius X. music temporary trivial
(gimcracks) and sentimental is amends flourishes with quick, be
unmitigated religious music to be created church beyond.
- Liturgi's Music and Song task
before Konsili Vatikan II.
Music and song task in liturgi before
and after Konsili Vatikan II., experience distinctive. It happens since Konsili
Vatikan II. more give special position for liturgi's music and song in one
liturgi's celebration.
Previously, before Konsili
Vatikan II., music and song task in liturgi is that of background for liturgi's
conduct, as offbeat as, interval e.g. at the time busy priest at panti priest,
therefore choral or people fills that time with song. 33 After Konsili Vatikan II., music and song in
liturgi constitutes liturgi that alone, namely sectioned absolute and integral
liturgi glory. So gets to be said by clean music no longer as decoration, with
be held role or its task in a conduct and liturgical celebration for example: 34
- In innocent book mission
- In expression keeps the faith
- In benediction
- In application invocation
- And to clarify sacrament conduct
- Periodisasi is Liturgi's Music
Update in Catholic Church
Musics reconditioned term liturgi church
happens in three phases. This update happening on century XX reconditioned
afters on term Cecilianisme is not is reached.
- Update by Pius x
On year 1903 Pius's Popes x issues a
documents about that church music clean, quality, and gets universal character.
According to this ideal Pope Is executed special ala in song Gregorian ,
and in classy church music Polifon classic. But may also be created origin modern
church music its sound in contrast to music Profan . Since church music
performs task klerikal , therefore women may not come on singing in it.
Bagpipe, but organ just may be used by special permit. Even rather gets
restriktif's character (draw the line) but this document as a grapple for
formative succeeding.
- Liturgi's movement Until Draws
Near Konsili Vatikan II.
Since year 1920 an at
Germanic available effort to start up liturgi as liturgi jemaat, understandable
and is followed all people. Therefore beavered by native language for
observance. An effort starts up liturgi by way of inkulturasi this for example
looked for by road for mengkaitkan melody Gregorian with poem in german language. Besides is taken
over a number anthem( Koral, song
gets couplet) of Protestant Church. This liturgi's movement direct gets estuary
in Konsili Vatikan II..
- Liturgi's Music update Church by
Konsili Vatikan II.
3.1. Savvy Hits Konsili Vatikan II.
Konsili comes from to say
latin Concilium one that unified
matter, appointment, conference. At Roman Catholic Church environment means
conference official church especially bishops, with aim works through various
kegerejaan's problem to church society development and looks for decision with.
Differentiated among ecumenical Konsili or konsili generically which represent
overall church and Konsili Is special that covers a given church region. 35
Konsili Vatikan II.
constitutes ecumenical Konsili 21st one or the latest in church history until
now. Konsili this was arranged among date 11th October 1962 until with date 8th
December 1965, in four conference period times which is: 11th October until 8th
December 1962, 29th September until 4th December 1963, 14th September until
21st November 1964, and 14th September until 8th December 1965. Konsili this
was presented by more a lot of bishop was compared with by konsili previous.
Total resulting document more a lot of and impact on affecting catholic church
life is even greater of scene whichever after reform epoch on century XVI. 36
3.2. Catholic Church view About Music liturgi
Konsili Vatikan II. one is
begun on the fifteenth 11th October 1962 and is closed on the fifteenth 7 and
8th December 1965 results 16 official documents. That official document
consisting of 4 constitutions, 9 decrees, and 3 declarations. 37 Either one constitution fourth that constitute
idiil's base divides liturgi's constitution per se it exists one special
chapter that works through about music liturgi.
Konsili Vatikan II. have
revamped catholic church view about music liturgi. liturgi's music church on
Konsili Vatikan's period II. no longer viewed as by liturgi's decoration, music
and that song is alone constitutes liturgi, matter in liturgi's celebration
unfit for use again rampant spiritual song, but, shall one song can act out
observance. liturgi's song carry is not again task Klerikal but jemaat's exhaustive task, even a portion
handled by church choir. In Konsili No.112's decision, named about liturgi's
music dignity, one that more or less its content names that: Universe church
music tradition constitute wealth that don't terperikan its point, more bright
of another art expressions, particularly because bonded clean song on word
constitutes a part liturgi gay one is of important or integral. 38 Named too that liturgi's activity gets to form
that more lightsome, if ofisi God sang by presented clean servant and followed
by active ala peoples. 39 Therefore music liturgi
gets clean, if gets hand in glove relationship it with observance ceremony,
entah by reveals invocation invocation on a more resounding, entah by manures
heart unity, entah by enriches clean ceremony with more hilarity animate.
Church also agrees all kind artistry which unmitigated, one that have
characters according to stipubting liturgi, and concedes its purpose in
observance to God. 40
3.3. Konsili Vatikan's influence II. For Liturgi's
Music life Church
As incident as, Konsili has
monstrous influence. In church memory, Konsili constitutes first performing
experience Kolegial gerejawi's supreme authority. Church earlier one
often pride its character unchanged regular, shall trip evaluation self that
visceral and posed critical to her. Attitude and church strategy is looked
backward and is dared deep bright Bible and deep confrontation with
requirements the present day. This phenomena is extended on pasca Konsili's
term. Changing one stands out to happen on liturgi and liturgi's music as part
of liturgi also experiences changing that.
Nevermore Latin language absolute for
liturgi, therefore opened by door to be created its church music treasury in
native language. Inkultsssurasi in liturgi's music gets executed steady with be
attached methods about development and liturgi's music update. So gets to be
said that Konsili Vatikan II. is not just as crossbar of history, but has also
been become aim guidance, basic for developmental thinking, movement and update
action, rejuvenation, and stabilization that really useful.
3.4. Inkulturasi as Effort Of Liturgi's Music Update
Inkulturasi in liturgi's music catholic
church for that matter have available far before Konsili Vatikan II.. It can be
seen deep formative liturgi's music church. On each Catholic religion broadcast
this, liturgi berinkulturasi's music with religion place culture this beginning
drive in its root. So gets to be said that inkulturasi liturgi's music have
available since church comes into the world, from the beginning primordial
christianity that adapts with Jewish observance, but really church has once experience
inkulturasi's jam, her close church. Until then Konsili Vatikan's happening
II., via this is resounding inkulturasi's back.
Inkulturasi is liturgi's
music really gets bearing hand in glove with pervading mission regions Catholic
religions. Inkulturasi is liturgi's music with local culture really help
mission process. Church also realises that nations especially at mission region
have alone music tradition that acts out is of important deep life get religion
and societal. Therefore, specially Konsili Vatikan II. have opened door to
accept too traditional music wealth nation as it were is revealed deep
liturgi's constitutions no. 119, that music ought to get appreciation
righteously and place that properly, well in form their religious attitude, and
also in adjust observance with their conduct character. 41 In bounds already being established by local
church leads in charge and deserved merinci this fitting, including church
music and artistry, origin corresponds to constitution basic methods liturgi. 42
Inkulturasi is liturgi's music besides
intent develop church music treasury, also aims that church doesn't be left, so
gets to be said by inkulturasi is a momen in processes church to render her
manifestly.
III. CHAPTER
INKULTURASI IS LITURGI'S MUSIC
- Inkulturasi's
savvy
inkulturasi's terminology now was really prevalent being used. But
just after, according to Jean Yves Calves this inkulturasi's terminology first
time was used by person on year 1974. One word with new mean that haven't a lot
of recognised its meaning. Mean nonetheless that contained at turns back that
inkulturasi's word is not such. 43
In extensive and common mean, inkulturasi is a sort fitting and
adaptation to society, people group, wont, language, and ordinary behaviour
available at one particular place. There is author which prefers to utilize
terminology enkulturasi than inkulturasi
, prefik in in english
language can mean negative, as e.g. in word incult. In indonesian, konotasi is that negative not
feels and inkulturasi's terminology was prevalent being used. 44
Inkulturasi usually aims on kontektualisasi or pempribumian.
Kontekstualisasi is effort place something in the context it, so old stuff, but
is interlaced and menyatu with overall as yarn in textile. In this case not
only prescriptive culture tradition but situated and condition of social even
terminologicals speaking. Kontekstualisasi have available since church
originally meets by other the world. As oikumenis's effort exists two kind
pattern in kontekstualisasi, which is: 45
- Attitude
for receiver church, one that is meant is merelevankan teologis's tussle
divides churches at mission region. Receiver church thinks up beforehand
things which relevant in place, before its go adjusts with liturgi's
pattern ecumenical.
- Consigner
church attitude, one that is meant available that consciousness
kontekstualisasi is not as substitute smock without substitutes soul.
Receiver church begins to process kontekstualisasi by regards liturgi's
pattern ecumenical ala, then of yielding that judgment is tried applies in
place.
- Inkulturasi
Divides Catholic Church
- Inkulturasi
as problem of Immortal in Church Body
inkulturasi's terminology is utilized for the first time in church
document on year 1977, which is by bishops at Rome hits katakese. 46
Inkulturasi
becomes immortal problem in effloresce church
continually because life. 47 While are Jesus Christ come into the world, It
has arranged inkulturasi that the most basic. The word have become flesh and
betwixt stay behind christendom. It has taken form as human as, accepting local
language, set local custom, and liturgi is local. 48 It
empties self to take man face in culture and liturgi is local. Inkulturasi also
happens while church come into the world on first whitsuntide deep
environmental Palestinians Jewish culture. Helenis's jew acceptance (one that
gets greek) and more persons that don't of Jew circle into church by Petrus and
Paulus direct evoke problems that partly is engaged culture background.
By
some people devout, the difference kultural looking on to concern keagamaan's
intrinsic elements, even Petrus and Paulus Is dissent because inkulturasi. Emerging
similar problems again every time intemperate churches a culture environments.
Church has once experience rupture. Insufficiently marks sense
mutual understanding to constitute one of rupture subject factor among Latin
church (Rome) and greek church (Konstantinopel) on 12th century. The difference
culture among Rome and Northern Europe on 16th century is not little its role
that reform becomes church rupture, for example since overweening Latin color
on Roman catholic church. Therefore official church comes on is in control of
its divide church on 11th century and 16th as avowed as by Paulus goes to VI.
Therefore inkulturasi is heady and chauvinistic (excessive something) contain a lot of
jeopardy.
- Inkulturasi
as gap of church teaching broadcast
Have
just old church 200 years, was gotten three christianity form that variably,
which is Christian Jew church, Helenis's church, and Latin church at North
Africa. Tatkala is christian religion scatters at Greko's the world Roman,
happen inkulturasi big, leaving Hebrew language, then a large part Bible
writing utilizes greek. Are not just language, even theology reasoning is dug
up from local religion wealth. Liturgi is Catholic a lot of dyed by Roman
tradition that formerly is heathenish.
Tatkala is amends church goes to to universalize Western,
happening too inkulturasi that fundamental. Severally ritual heathenish
canonised as Christian ceremony with loading Christian too. E.g., Christmas
party is christianised of worship ceremony to the sun, because Christ is solar
justice. Even christmas tree using up, previously is idolatrous to adjure life,
because Christ is treed unmitigated life. sosio's influence culturizes local be
kept all too in conjugal rights procedure. Loyalty to Christ and communio 49 hand in glove between that church, so is still
secure its unity. Evangelism at Northern Europe, evenless at India and Tiongkok
so inhibited by its slowgoing inkulturasi.
- Inkulturasi
in Konsili Vatikan II.
Inkulturasi
was begun if someone of environmentally culture whichever accept Godlike
greeting corresponds to local culture that dihayatinya. This inkulturasi's
process one worthy it happens in line with faith maturation as answer on
Godlike apocalypse that contains Jesus Christ incarnation in man himself Jew
from Nazaret.
On
this epoch spread church, potbound, and well-nigh amends beginning at all
culture environment universalizes this. Therefore, all over evoked problem how
reveals and menghayati keeps the faith the one and same by that according to
nation culture, epoch, or a fixed place. It who makes Konsili Vatikan II. have
new concept about church pluralism mean and respect to mankind culture, fitting
becomes cynosure in this modern world. Obviously it is not simply even
platitude, but aims so faith be really potbound and sinking in one life person
individual and society, therefore that faith as much as possible it that
menyatu shall with culture so get in harmony with been expressed it.
History also give cogent reason supportive marks sense liturgi's
fitting, and apparently unanswerable that fitting constitutes a part that can't
divorce from church tradition. 50 Idiomatic cultivation keeps the faith may not
so radical, until can't be recognized again as idiomatic as same faiths by
devout persons of environmental cultures another one. Because, situation such a
alienate christendom each other.
- Culture
that diinkulturasi
Konsili
Vatikan II. bears out, catholic church doesn't refuse what do good and
beneficent on religion. Want familiar's Catholic people and close at hand to
religious tradition and local culture, this is one of effort toward
inkulturasi.
In each inkulturasi unmitigated available two facets: the first,
are facet inkarnatif or its
potbound in given culture, secondly, are facet redemptif or pertinent culture redemption of negative
facets. Each culture have positive elements that water down God's the word acceptance
and its expression. But then, in each culture also available elements which
block, arising out sin which sink in this all the world. Therefore culture
whatever needs to be cleared up, so getting correct gets to reveal Kristiani's
faith.
Keep
the faith Kristiani that diidentifikasikan may never with one culture totally,
even that culture is Hebrew, Greek, or Roman. That faith Catholic regular and
exposed on each culture manusiawi. Are not bungling culture get as been adapted
inkulturasi's material to been made church tradition interior, just culture
that quality and gets high point and one correspond to church teaching just
that may be taken.
Inkulturasi
and church Catholic character not most comes to pieces mutually. With demikan,
faith as answer one of mankind solidarity becomes more reasonable, more
universal, more Catholic. So, according to death mystery and Christ evocation,
culture elements shall also pass through dead process and renascent. That
elements thus as more perfect and takes in devout person heart to Christ.
Because, as God man, She is perfect apocalypse, and as human as, She at a swoop
answer which out and out on that apocalypse.
- Catholic
church expectation from inkulturasi
Culture
constitutes to make the point sees, mengartikan, and forms reality in
environmentally historical given. In the short run faith can borrow given
culture mediums to render self, but is begun also to form new mediums.
Therefore faith gets reseptif's pattern and creative critical to culture
whatever. But inkulturasi is not just a only assimilation or culture adaptation
only.
Inkulturasi ranges all person life and devout people. This process
goes on step by step, can successful can also fail. Success an inkulturasi so
necessary for good church developing of kualitatif's spritual facet and also of
quantitative developing facet. Inkulturasi is not just essential's of facet
church partikular place processes
this happens. This process essential after kekatolikan all church so getting
Catholic, in comprehensive mean, expressing alae same faith otentik with
different way. Thus, church praises God on a more beautiful with all
manusiawi's ability that dikaruniakan God to environmentally culture which
variably it. As it were Christ as human as for mengkuduskan and advancing
whatever good one in manusiawi's culture whichever inkulturasi's process pass.
Inkulturasi the most urgent now is imbed to keep the faith
Kristiani ala no nonsense into culture mundial (as world as), one that so dyed by knowledge
and growing modish technology with quick at the early this 20th century.
Although faith will indefensible infinite technology progress again, stress
among world view and way bethinks positivistis at one keagamaan's party and confidence that
bases to keep the faith will apocalypse at other side was lost.
But
just after, expected by individuality and point a culture environments can help
men to find and revealing self as creature that ability most its glorious is
praise creators it. But needs to be remembered that inkulturasi is not devotion
to long time tradition with religion help, but faith cast in and through
culture which currently lives deep society.
- Requirement
On Kontekstualisasi Liturgi's Music
Music is sound or voice that is staffed, since music basically
consisting of voice, therefore music constitutes a part integral one of human
and that man life is alone. 51 keeratan is this relationship is looked e.g.
in human form gets communication. While excess a song is in term amenity to
remember it, since warbling is agreeable activity and having carrying out of
spirituality or emotional. 52
Whole
and healthy faith always supposes to mark sense two spirituality coherent
dimensions and external. Of spirituality flank is accept Allah invitation for
living deep partnership with Her and deep society with humanity. Meanwhile
external flank is cast keep the faith in external form or visible one, e.g.
teaching, invocation, liturgi, ceremony, behaviour, etc.. All that external
expression there's only its mean if quite a cast spirituality faith. Two
dimension keep the faith to constitute whole integrity.
In Catholic perspective, liturgi's music constitute terminology
that is used for in refer to music which concerning with observance manner,
well that song, accompaniment, and instrument that is used. It is gone upon in
fact that deep activity gets observance, warble everlastingly as part which
integral for church. According to Antonius K. Sensibleness an organis at
Thomas's Saint Parish, Coconut Two, Depok, aesthetical a celebrations deep song
Eucharistic shall be backed up by people togetherness for following singing.
For Catholic people always there is singing word for God properly twice
constitute of pray. No that forbidden for singing praises God in Misa up to
that corresponds to liturgi, and if did by taste full believe, therefore will
get grant from above. 53 In music observance constitutes one of
Catholic people communication form to its creator, place keeps the faith to be
expressed. At other side may not be forgotten, since music is integral part of
man, therefore it relates hand in glove with culture. We can begin to see that
that music kontekstual it is tied-up on its context, tied-up on place, time,
and culture. That context is heterogeneous, one that formative current happening
quick deep world electronics, culture that globalistis that spread presto
through print shop, film, and tradition, constant culture is adrift while
church have alone tradition.
Inkulturasi
is music liturgi is one of the ways mengkontekstualisasikan liturgi's music
because song and church music needs to be involved deep an interaction process
that concerns history, culture, and epoch developing. In inkulturasi's the
world, that respondent church posed soft, if needs on the contrary get
defeatism earlier. Church needs to study culture environment around that church
growing. In good interaction process needful openness to appreciate and accepts
something, this alacrity need with consideration been escorted and critical
appraisal. Reality what does be released to been accepted or is changed has to
be worded profuse so cogent jemaat.
Church shall have teaching about truth in God. If there is praise
which insufficiently apprehended by jemaat, therefore jemaat given by
explanation about that song poem. Music is not just constitute an aesthetical
but also constitute an everlasting training medium. Since, music is an art that
wents behind time. Church music can help our to understand mean actually of
that music is alone, and giving aesthetical alone for Catholic people 1 2 Explanation
to jemaat also been realised since observance jemaat is devotion place self,
communication place, menghayati's place, and gets communication studying with
God and with ekstensial's ala humanity. To that communication available one
needs to be sacrified, there is too which needs to be accepted, this prevailing
special for liturgi and its song.
Music nevermore viewed as by universal something, but also been
realised as music that kontekstual and local. Churches at Asian and also
African conscious of that thing, e.g. Abineno on year 1959 have proposed so
arranged by revisions on Hymn and church praises, since it constitutes
translation of Dutch chant book and not load one praise even Asias. So in line
with awareness of needs it faith that kontestual and Bible that kontekstual,
therefore, necessary too praises that kontekstual. It emphasized by Asia
churches. In its appointment at parohan most year-end 50 an, they decide to
need it presents Bible in Asian terms. This idea consistent ala to be applied
too on praise requirement by Asia church with be publicized EACC Hymnbook that
meaty praises of Asia church on year 1960 an. 1 3
Church
music future is church music that kontekstual, this also applies for liturgi,
that church music place gets role. Church music that kontekstual in observance
that kontekstual then is propped and dihayati with express kontekstual's art.
kontekstualisasi's effort gerejawi's music really is not easy
thing, as well as say so i. to Loh, churches at Asian have perceived cozy with
praise those are heirsed from western churches. I. to Loh proposes effort
arrange that reteach Asia church so know its own culture backs. Really
kontekstualisasi gerejawi's music is not simply effort to reanimate lost
culture at church. But needs to be noticed too that kontekstualisasi that
gerejawi's music is done in the effort mengkontekstualkan that church is alone
and also mengkontekstualkan Bible, so good Bible and also nots church become a
part strange one for church place society and that Bible growing. 1 4
- Liturgi's
music as Lingual As and Mode For Bible and Culture meets
Was named above that that music kontekstual. It is tied-up hand in
glove with its environment culture. Are not just hand in glove but also taste
mode be sad and grief, hate and love is revealed. With kind sort forms to pass
through gamelan and also jazz, this expression get are a prey to. So music
which just often viewed as by thing that comforts, most verily constitute
language of a society that is used for its soulful. 1 5
In
day-to-day life, aware ala or not human have passed through it with various
ritus, of morning build until wants night sleep. So gets to be said that human
life can't divorce from ritus ritus. It is seeming once deep life gets
religion, since ritus gets main attention and be developed specially. ritual's
forms constitute human place house frameworks lives to get socials and gets religions
whereas music constitute language who can evoke good someone binding taste with
humanity and also with house (church) that own. Therefore cords among music
with herculean observance once.
Tied
up that strong it can be seen that observance and music never absents deep
church life. Music that becomes social life part antic Israel society then as
ritual's life part at God's Couplet. Musics in antic Israel observance
experiences changing, while is center moving church its orientation of world
Palestinian goes to to universalize Roman Greek. Tahlil (chanting), antic
Israel religious service music in shaped frequent regular one dashed with by
spontaneity song. Helenis's song and poem style starts to emerge, no longer use
Jewish praise patterns aughts. So as it were liturgi everlastingly experiences
changing since its context, such too liturgipun's music experiences
pengkontekstualisasian of term goes to term. Good Pengkontekstualisasian
liturgi and also liturgi's music not such compulsion of aught context. This was
realised since is first God everlastingly mengkontekstualisasikan her, and the
second one is good liturgi and also liturgi's music constitute God's language
and mode and man get communication.
Kontekstualisasi
most verily constitutes integrated Bible with context. It points on Allah that
becomes flesh and God which are kept quiet they betwixt. Liturgi and also
liturgi's music viewed as by human place language gets to express taste and its
faith. Therefore kontekstualisasi gerejawi's music actually doesn't make how
West music gets to be accepted by churches non Western, but how music as
lingual as that local gets ditumbuhkembangkan menyatu in man himself at a swoop
as God's place mode attend and menyatu with context, man, and culture.
CHAPTER IV.
LITURGI'S MUSIC AT INDONESIAN
- History
and Liturgi's Music developing at Indonesian before Konsili Vatikan II.
liturgi's music at Indonesian form a part of music liturgi in a
general way. Therefore history and liturgi's music developing at Indonesian
can't most parry also get influence of liturgi's music life universalizes.
Actually liturgi's music at Indonesian have gotten on with liturgi and
liturgi's music of West. But such needs to be known that incoming church
tradition appointment goes to Indonesia apparently experience what do at
conceive of inkulturasi. It can be realised since Indonesia constitutes one of
place mission region catholic church widen its wing, and Indonesia get as been
said firm as a rock nation keep its culture person. So inkulturasi's method,
indegenisasi, pempribumian or too kontekstualisasi becomes gap that is chosen
divides church to render her manifestly.
For
that matter, go away before Konsili Vatikan II., at Indonesia has experienced
inkulturasi namely Catholic religion first time this entering. Inkulturasi was
energetic executed deep liturgi, such even with music liturgi. Before Konsili
Vatikan II., one that as base newing to hit inkulturasi liturgi's music,
acquired permit from keuskupan Rome church that becomes inkulturasi's basic in
liturgi's music. So at Indonesian regions have a lot of met by inkulturasi's
efforts.
- Liturgi's
Music situation In Many Region at Indonesian
Before Konsili Vatikan II. at region being become by inkulturasi
liturgi's music. At Manggarai, Flores is Western, inkulturasi's process
liturgi's music was begun before world war. Mgr. W. Beckum SVD's van a bishop at
Ruteng is inkulturasi's pioneer. It energeticing to gather Manggarai's songs
and tries that that song gets to be written by not, so gets to be studied. It
also asks out a number custom chairman as to establish new song for stationary
observance outside misa. Therefore on year 1947 at Ende publishes one songbook
that gets title Dere is eurasian . Heretofore binds books that is still
updated.
At Dawan's region, Timor, inkulturasi is liturgi's song laboured
by Vincent Lecovic SVD. Its effort is note traditional songs. Severally lament
song at o to be used deep observance, it also expatiates own many new songs in
Dawan's music genre. Finally on year 1960 published one songbooks with title Tsi
Tanaeb Uis Neno with severally song in Dawan's music genre, but a lot of
too brogue which is taken over from book Jubilate one that deciphered into Dawan's language.
Book Tsi Tanaeb Uis Neno this
several times is reprinted and expanded by its content. According to people at
Timor, songs of Tsi Tanaeb Uis Neno heretofore is still to be used and favourite.
But by and large at Flores and Timor processes inkulturasi long time enough is
constrained because of marks sense songbook Jubilate.
At Intermediate Java, inkulturasi gendhing in observance have at
starts in year 1925. At education school learns Muntilan, C. Hardjasoebrata on
teleological Br. Clementius dares self to expatiate some gendhing church in
javanese with gamut pelog one
that is sung without accompaniment, for example Roncen's rule . With
choral from Muntilan this song dipentaskan first times at Kidul Loji
Yogyakarta's Church is before rearing church and people. Even available voice
that objection because reputed profan , but rearing church no objection.
Therefore effort C. Hardjasoebrata is let ways continually that song origin be
not been used deep misa. Upon stage second happens 31st January 1926 at same
place, voices that objection previousing to realise that that new anthem
kindred with song kraton is not kindred with play or amusement song. Effort C.
Hardjasoebrata this was kept on at Solo, expanded experiment also at any other
place as Ganjuran, Wedi, and Kalasan.
After world war ii, Mgr. Suryopranoto who becomes thruster to
advance gamelan in church. On year 1955 found a special committees for gendhing
church. On year 1956 for the first time arranged gendhing's demonstrations
Atmodarsono's composition church and C. Hardjasoebrata with offbeat gamelan.
This demonstration witnessed by bishop father. Since its result perceived by
positive peer, therefore bishop father asks for permit to go to that Rome
gendhing church may be used deep misa but with Latin language. 54
Year beginning 1956 Pugeran Yogyakarta's parishes becomes to
center gamelan music activities gerejani. R. Hajowardoyo publishes gendhing's
bulk church with title Kyriale and Natalia. Walking developing goes on and getting a lot
of energy by Konsili Vatikan II. outspoken ala one back up inkulturasi's IDE. 55 In javanese also available book kind of Jubilate
with title Pepudyan is Clean one that published for the first time on year
1937. But role and influence of this songbook not just after strong, and
several times too this book experiences changing language.
In
history and liturgi's music developing at Indonesian before Konsili Vatikan
II., inkulturasi is not just happening Flores, Timor or Mean Java only. On even
other region experiences inkulturasi, just just because that region is far as
Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan even Irian Dignity, therefore doesn't be lifted
its news as it were reducing a lot of acknowledged that inkulturasi liturgi or
music even liturgi was become before Konsili Vatikan II..
- Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song on Songbook Jubilate
Jubilate are one liturgi's songbook. This book first
time is published at Ende on year 1930 by Does SVD's Pastors (Pustardos). Content of this book especially is not song
for misa but song for praise observance (salve) on evening.
At the time world war ii pastor and brother uses their leeway at
concentration camp to fix and completes content Jubilate. Upon book Jubilate publish for secondly, year 1947 its contents
rather disparate. Content of Jubilate proveded with by misa's song Latin and
Indonesian, since Indonesia at that moment, have gotten permit of Rome to use
misa's song in native language.
As book of translation result, book Jubilate constitute a tall achievement for church. Book
Jubilate this also been worked by
person team that aptly knows will music and liturgi. This book is spread at all
Indonesia, in the period of forty year 700.000 copy bind books Jubilate printed at Ende. But book Jubilate kept most long time bygone even after Konsili
Vatikan II. songbook it stills to be used by despite feels to mark sense
changing teologis and liturgical.
B. Liturgi's music at Indonesian After Konsili Vatikan II.
- Konsili
Vatikan's influence II. to Liturgi's Music developing at Indonesian
inkulturasi's progress at Indonesian no can escape from Konsili
Vatikan II. one constitutes history crossbar that denote startup a new era.
Konsili is with surrounding 2500 participants of all angle universalizes have
opened door and church window one broad it. People in church can see out and
air and wind from outside input blow with all its impact.
There
are many think is let fly, there are many disepakati's intention and intention,
all is done hotly faith, to look for what do nicest for unfoldment to keep the
faith people and divides mankind common behalf. And Konsili becomes aim
guidance with laid base for thinking development, movement and update action,
rejuvenation and stabilization that really useful.
While
is Konsili Vatikan II. end, inkulturasi musically liturgi continually
continues. liturgi's update at a swoop pambaharuan liturgi's music getting
glow, it can be seen of gets various business activity for menginkulturasikan
getting flashy. Not only passes national congress various articles or writing
even, seminar, upgrading even until there is week inkulturasi have a lot of is
passed and is found.
Each epoch or generation has its own specialty and it can't be
looked on as disloyalty or heretic. 56 It who makes Konsili to establish that wisdom
things that doesn't concern to keep the faith or partnerships exhaustive behalf
church don't want to thrust an uniformity forms that rigorous. And liturgi own
comprise of unchangeable part and up a part alterable, one that up to epoch
circulation can or on the contrary vary. 57
- Condition
of Indonesia as An alone uniqueness
Indonesia
constitutes archipelago state with drawned round by extensive ocean. Indonesian
wealth not only since Indonesian comprise of juxtaposed islands with obstetric
nature in it. A heterogeneous alone uniqueness tribal and lingual with culture
that variably exists at this country. But also since this pluralism Indonesia
experiences alone constraint in term inkulturasi especially kontekstualisasi in
liturgi and liturgi's music. Existing church tradition gets to struggle by
complex culture context. If happening a kink will make Indonesia quite a
unique, since aught cultures.
- Musics
Developmental method Liturgi at Indonesian
Music tradition in church constitutes universal church treasury
that invaluable. That is excess within another art expressions. 58 Indonesia has alone music tradition and this
music tradition is avowed and accepted deep church. As it were konsili Vatikan
II. expects that keagamaan's songs peoples shall be manured carefully, so in
righteous observances and holy and deep liturgi's activities own, devout people
voice gets to echo, accord method and rubric decision. 59
In the other decision, church admits song Gregorian as song typical liturgi Rome. In consequence
music Gregorian getting main
place in liturgi's activities if no judgment which more essential. But another
innocent music types, particularly music Polifon not at all is prohibitted from Godlike
observance celebration, even origin appropriate hotly liturgi. 60 It aims to increase active participation,
therefore ought to acclamation by people, answers, pendarasan is hymn, antifon antifon , and song, such too
demonstration and pose gesture is developed. This is method which becomes
grapple for developmental liturgi's music at Indonesian.
- Inkulturasi's
process Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
- Inkulturasi's
constraint Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
With complex Indonesian condition therefore constraint which
happens for example: 61
- Parish
people a long cry good tribe and also its culture custom so elect one of
custom to be made inkulturasi's jetty dot is so difficult, and don't
mengena on all people. Evenless at all parish its people a considerable
part immigrant.
- Mark
sense magis's element, mistis, animistic, takhayul, feudal, etcetera in
local cultural element.
- Element culture so countrified, so it can reduce unity and
keumuman( universalita ) catholic church.
- There are several custom that gets parade character, profan , so troubles solemnity
and people or ceremony concentration.
- Of
social situation: custom party perceives objection, person Catholic so
long refuses that all the way new, one that young refuses that over
custom, while church boss less paying attention. In ceremony available too
elemental thriftless, well for the interested parties family and also
divides church or parish.
- Its
reducing is gnostic, well to religion mean or Catholic faith and also to
that custom is alone.
While,
at any other party outside pluralisms consequent constraint Indonesian,
inkulturasi is alone have consequent subject problem of modern life, namely:
- Insufficiently
savvy and appreciation to tradition. Mostly people, particularly young
clan, insufficiently knows and offish unaware to culture and alone
tradition.
- Available heterogenitas in tradition so hard determines to choose
elements subject of indonesian culture custom that can be inserted deep
liturgi.
- Subtracted
present education system stimulate appreciation to local culture. On the
contrary more and more person in particular young clan, seceding from
alone culture, and more easy accept new culture point from outside.
Among
church party and alone Catholic people gotten by relationship that
insufficiently maximal. Each both have alone problem, amongst those:
- People perceives to
require obtainable something from liturgi.
- Insufficiently savvy and
people participation in liturgi, since reducing marks sense liturgi's
guidance and resuscitation to people.
- Church faces
people problem that heterogeneous , the difference young old
age, the difference tall its low increases education, the difference
tribe etc..
- Peoples living view be
broken down up two pattern live, insufficiently there is harmony,
integration among the need, matearialistis's attitude and spirituality
the need.
- There are many people
experience its own tribe identity crisis.
- Inkulturasi's
method Divides Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
With see condition and situation this kind of, to the effect
liturgi glory becomes less maximal. That inkulturasi can successful, with wish
reaches liturgi truthfully therefore church perceives to need marks sense
method in inkulturasi namely: 62
- Looking
for form in origin.
- Applying
inkulturasi's guidances.
- Looking
for mean, send away for, new mandate that will be passed on none
other than jetty of faith.
- making
estimation, get jetty of original form (number method 1), looking
for elements would be convenient (number method 2 and 3) and which
that incompatible being discarded.
- Arranging
new song, testing it if kristiani's meaning selfexplanatory and
fledged.
- Giving
explanation, recognition to people about new song mean so people
gets the picture and menghayati as elemental as integral in life
culture and keagamaannya.
- Body
That Handle Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
One
of effort tackling interference is have available research to element local or
custom culture that will be inserted into church ceremony, so elect gets
selective and correct mengena.
Throne Apostolic giving authority to chairman of local church
so fitting carried on by on the qui vive one needs it. 63 Decisions about liturgi usually evoke handicap
typicaling to hit fittings, particularly at mission region as Indonesian As.
Therefore in arrange that decision ought to are of service pros for area is
pertinent. 64
Accomplished hotly Kristiani, ought to artists music realises that
they are called to develop liturgi's music and enriches its treasury. So
expected music artist expatiate songs that have character liturgi truthfully,
and not only gets to be sung by paduan little chorus and develops jemaat's active
participation devout. Poems for song liturgi shall in harmony with Catholic
teaching, even prima facie ought to been bailed from liturgi's clean and stem
book. 65 That is call of church for music author.
Besides as well as Universa Laus , one international agency
which handle liturgi's music, Indonesia has to warm up also which handle music
development special liturgi at country.
Body
that handle liturgi's music at Indonesian subdivided deep three scales, the
first is sexy Liturgi KWI's Music (Konperensi Waligereja is Indonesia),
secondly, Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section, and the latest is Liturgi's Music
gallery. Marginally drd subject task it covers three areas namely: penyediaan
is medium, education and coordination and communication. But bases region scale
that they rides herd on to exist distinctive:
3.1.
Commission Music section Liturgi KWI
Commission Music section Liturgi KWI is part of Commission Liturgi
KWI that specially handle liturgi's music area at Indonesian. 66 Commission Music section Liturgi KWI has
authority assess songs that be and will circulate and giving obstat's naught
on liturgi's songs. 67 In coordination area and Music section
communication Liturgi KWI's Commission on call for example: 68
- Look
for or passes on information about things which be engaged
liturgi's music of or to on one's side the interested parties.
- Even
out or presenting hemetically.
- Arranging
Liturgi's Music Congress.
- Building
communication among or with Liturgi's Music section.
- Building
communication among or with Liturgi's Music gallery.
- Building
communication among liturgi's musician.
- Delegating
task to Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section, liturgi's gallery and
musician.
- Labour
to mark sense bulletin as medium of communication and information
about things which gets bearing with penyediaan medium, education,
coordination and information and authority at liturgi's music area.
- Building
communication with other church.
- Building
communication with commanding institution.
- Building
communication with sexy liturgi's music other state.
3.2.
Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section
In practise function and its task, Liturgi KWI's commission plays
ball with its partner at keuskupan's zoom. Each keuskupan at Indonesian have
Liturgi Keuskupan's Commission, entah as commission alone entah fused by other
commission. Indonesia has 34 Liturgi's Commissions at keuskupan keuskupan
region. 69
Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section is part of Commission Liturgi
Keuskupan who think up music development performing liturgi at keuskupan that
pertinent. 70 Commission Music section Liturgi Keuskupan has
authority give obstat's naught to
song or observance songbook to be published and utilized by sekeuskupan's
people, besides it also authoritative arrange censor on songs that be and will
circulate. 71 In coordination area and Music section
communication Liturgi Keuskupan has task: 72
- Mengkoordinasi
marks sense and smooth it relationship among agglomerate, parish,
institute, liturgi's gallery and musician that is at keuskupan that
pertinent.
- Look
for or passes on information about things which be engaged liturgi's
music well of and also to on one's side the interested parties at
exhaustive keuskupan.
- Appointing
someone, gallery or a galaxy musician liturgi to till one task musically
liturgi.
- Building
communication with sexy Liturgi KWI's Commission Music, Liturgi's Music
section, and keuskupan's gallery any other for commutes experience or add
science musically liturgi.
- Labour
to mark sense bulletin as medium of communication and information about
things which gets bearing with penyediaan medium, education, coordination
and information and authority musically liturgi.
- Building
communication with commanding institution or other institutes concerning.
3.3.
Liturgi's Music gallery
One that intended with Liturgi's Music Gallery is agglomerate or
body or sexy outdoor institute Liturgi KWI's Commission Music and Liturgi
Keuskupan's Music section, that initiative and creativity pass it goes along to
till and develops liturgi's music at Indonesian. 73 Liturgi's Music section has authority to
propose and gives tipses to on one's side in charge about things which get
bearings with obstat's naught liturgi's songs. 74 In coordination area and Music Gallery
communication Liturgi on call: 75
- Look
for and passes on information about things which be engaged liturgi's
music well of and also to on one's side the interested parties.
- Even
out or presenting hemetically.
- Building
communication among or with Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section or Liturgi
KWI's Music section.
- Building
communication among or with Liturgi's Music gallery.
- Building
communication with musicians liturgi.
- Delegating
task with parishes.
- Delegating
task to musicians liturgi.
- Labour
to mark sense bulletin as medium of communication and information about
things which gets bearing with penyediaan medium, education, coordination
and information and authority at liturgi's music area.
- Building
communication with other church.
- Building
communication with commanding institution.
- Building
communication with sexy Liturgi's Music other state.
One of liturgi's music gallery is Center Liturgi Yogyakarta's
Music instituted by serikat Jesus on year 1971. On year 1987 PML is made one of
part of Center Kataketik. To the effect PML is subject to be serve an office on
music developing at Indonesian in a general way and liturgi's music on in
particular, particularly in order to inkulturasi. This to the effect is
laboured studi thru to gerejani's region and song song that is transferred or
is gathered, then is commented, improved one needs it and is published.
Sometimes been arranged too workshop with musicians region or local. Besides
PML do record and memproduksi is Cassette. Handled Church Music course by PML
teaches conductor, organis and gamelan player. Besides is published too News
monthly Liturgi's Music. 76
In penyediaan's area medium and education among sexy Liturgi KWI's
Commission Music, Liturgi Keuskupan's Music section and Gallery or Liturgi's
Music Center have same task. In penyediaan's area medium for example: 77
- Menginventarisasi
is liturgi's song and songbook.
- Translating
song get intern language into indonesian or region or song gets
indonesians into vernacular local.
- Arranging
new songs.
- Labour
most actually songs and songbook.
- Labour
to mark sense and most reads it reading books to add sciences and skills
about music liturgi.
- Giving
push or road map to group or parish that wants to have bagpipe for
observance the need.
One of music development effort liturgi at Indonesian is deep
educational for liturgi's music. About catholic churches at Indonesian utilize
method no. 115 from konsili cleans namely that: education and music practice
that dijunjung shall high in seminaries, in novisiat and such nun education
institutes too in institutes and another catholic schools. To secure this
education, shall be built with every consideration instructor which are
appointed to teach clean musics. Besides encouraged that if maybe, instituted
by Innocent Music College. Music artists, singers especially children shall too
given by liturgi's educations. 78
In commission task educationals liturgi that for example: 79
- Even
out or gives liturgi's music upgrading, e.g. conductor upgrading, organis,
solis and pemazmur.
- Arranging
liturgi's music workshop.
- Even
out or gives liturgi's music course.
- Labour
most actually past master at liturgi's music area.
- Commenting
songs that be circulates, and insofar needs to give repair tipses.
C.
Inkulturasi's form Liturgi's Music at Indonesian
oikumenis's ala fitting happens in liturgical movement( Liturgical
Movement ). Liturgical movement to be begun since 19th century middle and
culminating on Konsili Vatikan II. at Roman Catholic church (1963 - 1965).
Fitting and liturgical movement, giving update on elements in liturgi.
Observance manner, including room manner, officers, simbolik, stirred manner,
music, and sacrament in liturgi is placed in kontekstualisasi's grasp and
liturgical movement spirit. 80
liturgi's
adjusted history on 20th century gets in on kontekstualisasi's tussle,
particularly divides churches at Asian, including at Indonesia. Fitting is
opened especially in the event ministering sacrament, sakramentalia,
procession, liturgi's language, music, and clean art. Inkulturasi liturgi and
music liturgi is a charge from Konsili Vatikan II. and spontaneous liturgi's
Congress and liturgi's music at Indonesian. Meanwhile Indonesianisasi
constitutes a special stage correspond to situation at Indonesian. Indonesian
archipelago apparently doesn't constitute a culture unity but points out
sizable difference among islands and cultures each. Therefore difficult is
looked for an Indonesian church music because no indonesian culture. Whatever available
is Flores's culture and music, Rob, Dayak, Java etcetera.
At
any other party, differences between region is perceived as diversity that
adequately fresh, style each region or tribe loads a typical expression. If
position gives that song in observance functionally therefore don't will only
evoke a rich variation but also each song gets to back up what does want to be
reached at that moment in observance.
- Inkulturasi is Liturgi's
Music at Indonesian regions
1.1.
At Flores and Timor
On year 1966 until 1970 at Ledalero Flores's Tall seminary
constitute song search heyday new observance. Even song which is resulted gets
song and Western tone ending, but form and poem was breathed liturgi new. Its
result is published deep quits Ala and at Ende 1967 and so on, with author as Jan
Riberu, And Kitti SVD, Martin Runi, Alfons Hayon etcetera. Then for one refrain
Ala and input too in songbook Fortunately
to Bapa . 81
This book for largely constitute job result of P. Appie's team der
Heijden SVD's Van with P. Alex Beding SVD. With effort to take over song of Jubilate
with substitute poem and adding more
a lot of hymn song therefore collected 403 songs. But just mite melodic song
Flores. As book that corresponds to liturgi after Konsili Vatikan II., this
songbook not just after pulls. Accordingly people progressively perceive song
tradition loss so in reason if there is voice which wants back on songbook Jubilate
. Church music situation thus at Nusa Is East South-east becomes really heterogeneous
. Wish to keep tradition where was become change in church, liturgi and
deep culture constrains to arise it thirst taste on new song.
Nearer on culture Flores is arranged effort at Mataloko's
Intermediate seminary, Bajawa, Flores. On year 1970 celebrated seminary 40th
anniversaries Intermediate. This reason pushes komponis young, Martin Runi
expatiates one misa's song suite on a basic custom song motifs Ngada one that at a swoop espoused by dance. 82 With motifs conscientious enoughs be chosen
and by developed it song enoughs, therefore eventual materializes misa Windu's
pentameter Martin Runi's composition
that for the first time dipentaskan and at year attraction 1970 at Mataloko.
Base this experience, Martin Runi expatiates a number other song with Belu's
motif, Timor for example Misa is eventide .
On year 1974, Larantuka, Flores is East gets a Mgr's new bishop.
Darius Nggawa. Most shove by pride on be lifted one native as bishop of local,
therefore Matius Weruin, a music teacher which adequately been known at all
Flores East, expatiate one misa with mengolah local region refrains namely
songs Dolo dolo as Misa Dolo
dolo . Misa this presto spread at all Nusa's region East South-east, a
prove just how correct this opus result. Even so, originally exists also voice
which perceive recollects region song in origin and its position as song of
amusement, but that new song so its expression strength so successful grabs
heart.
On year 1977 Ledalero's Tall seminaries returns to become song
developing centers liturgi, get link will be celebrated its 40th HUT this Tall
seminary, therefore comes into the world Misa Wanderer one that is initiated for example by P. Anton
Sigoama, P. Alfons Hayon, and P. And Kitti. Really worthy to be praised
especially its song poem. 83
Despitefully indeed still available a lot of again attempt in
spread parish at Flores's archipelago, Timor, and Sumba. But regular feels that
haven't available substitution for Jubilate. Faith Eulogy book haven't a lot of circulating
at Flores and Timor, year 1986 more or less just exists 15.000 books Faith
eulogy at Flores and 20.000 books at Timor. Just keuskupan Weetebula, Sumba
that brave take stage to use book Faith eulogy on the contrary with special edition namely
with affix 47 kesayangan's songs Sumba's peoples of books Fortunately to
Bapa.
At
Flores and Timor Is people not overactive in singing following especially since
no book. Local ala, this void settled by compositions by conductors or komponis
is locals. But apparently which singing particularly choral. New songs seems to
be vanishings as stensilan who is made for several times vesture. Typical song
classy Flores and Timor there is also, particularly song which constitute
composition workshop result that arranged deep cooperative with Liturgi
Yogyakarta's Music Center year 1979 at Detusoko Flores and year 1986 at Betun,
Timor.
1.2.
At Intermediate Java
Before Konsili Vatikan II. gendhing was utilized deep liturgi's
conduct. But Konsili Vatikan's afters II. outspoken ala one back up inkulturasi's
IDE, therefore with glow grows gendhing's myriad Hymn for example by M.
Siswanto, Ign. Pujoharsono, RL. Suwardja, Z. Sudiro, and V. Marsudi. Then
gathered by RM. Wahyosudibyo Pr and is published at year startup 70 an with
title Gendhing Jawi's Hymn melody, Gendhing is Bojana's Attendant offering,
Gendhing Jawi's Innocent melody Sunday Adi.
One newer stage again is around Story experiment misery, Macapat,
and kethoprak, Rm. Fx. Wiyono Pr with JB. Sukodi main plays a part that
sizable. Partly this experiment is documented deep gendhing's cassette church
that published by PML. 84
Year 1968 Kolsani's Music section publishes to bind books Anyar
Kagem Gusti's melody with hymns but is not gendhing. On year 1975 Rm.
Wahyusudibyo publishes 2 volume bind books to chant Javas with Melody title
Praises Eucharist, but this songbook circulation only at parish Jetis just. PML
publishes on year 1978 an anthem bulk non gendhing with title Sumunar's
light . Year 1983 a special committees of semarang archdiocese with PML
arranges to bind books Adi's melody one that constitutes a paduan among inspires
gendhing and anthem with gamut diatonis , well with song and invocation.
1.3.
At Sumatra
Inkulturasi at Sumatra North particularly Robs is not easy. It is
engaged domicile music To Rob. In tribe Robs Toba by and large traditional
music in reference to slug , its mean constitute dance accompaniment( Tortor
). Meanwhile Toba's region song was few restrain from this pattern and
smelly West. In Simalungun's tribe there are some stage create anthem with
lilting bent Simalungun: Misa, god-forsaken story song and as it were in
Simalungun's language for example Tall seminary result Siantar's Causeway. At
seribudolok's Parish on year 70 an a pastor Dutching to ask for to a traditional
musicians that moslem as to establish umpteen anthem which gets pattern and get
Simalungun's language. This song sidetensil, its example exists deep PML'S
cassette 36 Indonesian Church Music Miscellanies. 85
Tribe
Robs antic be perceived rather intern between tribal Robs, new present it
starts to be noticed by church therefore was gotten inkulturasi's result
myriad. While tribe Robs Pakpak, Dairi constitutes tribe Rob smallest one and
devastated, therefore stage inkulturasi has found time is carried on.
About
moon Jufhg,lkni is July 1986, in archdiocese Composition workshop Field at
Siantar's Causeway for the first time arranged stage seriousing to studies song
To Rob and mengolahnya is back or compose new anthems that gets pattern To Rob.
This workshop led by team from PML results 42 new songs that was published.
Happening special situation Nias's island, it is outlying but gets
culture and get special language. As it were at Robs so also at Nias, reverend
on century lasting to prohibit all custom element but apparently is not a
hundred successful percents. At mountain and south tip is still live
traditional music, particularly which is engaged martial and contest. But its
over song impudent for at o pitches upon to become observance song. Meanwhile dance
Maena one that so popular at Nias's island, are not potbound on this
custom music but smelly West. Therefore haven't a lot of available anthem which
typical Nias.
1.4.
At Kalimantang
Dayak's
terms at Kalimantan not constitutes one kultural's unity. Relationship among
Kalbar and Kalteng and Kaltim last difficult too. Therefore doesn't marvel that
was gotten a lot of stage to aim inkulturasi. Or maybe available stage but
unknown besides inhabitant. Local chance of course always there is as raya's
day (Christmas, Snugly, marriage, fortunately on crop, tahbisan) or death.
Kalimantan's traditional music especially as song instrumental as offbeat as
dance. Therefore gallery which opened by P. Lucius Ginting OFM Stamps at
Pahauman Kalbar as gallery of dance with its attendant team. Solar various
result for observance (devoting, fortunately etcetera) and cassette and its
music. But P. Lucius Ginting OFM's afters Stamps move to go to Pontianak,
gallery at Pahauman little bit on the downgrade. So even with swasta's gallery
fate that have once found at Sanggau, Putusibau (Kalbar), Buntok (Kalteng)
etcetera.
P. Huvang MSF (a Kaltim's original son) keuskupan Banjarmasin, in
july 1984 invite PML'S teams to arrange composition workshop at Buntok
Kalimantan Intermediates with 40 region musicians. Its result is 20 new
anthems. On year 1985 efforts this kind of is done at tering Kalimantan East
for musicians from Kaltim. On PML'S initiative bishops one region at Kalimantan
decides to publish that song in addition in special edition Faith Eulogy
Kalimantan. As much 45 that song is loaded too in book and cassette Extemporaneous
Top reed PML'S derivative 1986.
1.5.
At Sulawesi
Region at Sulawesi already becomes Christian be Toraja and Manado.
Particularly at North Sulawesi was gotten inkulturasi gets bearing with
Kolintang's Music. At all Kolintang's bagpipe Indonesia was really popular.
Since year-end 60 an exists anthem that is created preferably around Pineleng's
Tall seminary Northern Sulawesi. That song take rhythm and pattern inspiration
of Maengket's region dance and Kolintang's musics. Therefore comes into the
world a number misa's song and Hymn that published by PML year 1974 by titles Misa
Minahasa and cassette Go forward
forwards. In Faith eulogy available a number song is chosen from this
collection, but processing effort darling Minahasa's traditional music at a
dead set since year middle 70 an it is caused figures its as P. Tinggogoy,
Felix Mongdong, and Pontoan Is move goes to Java.
1.6.
At Moluccas and Irian Is Dignity
inkulturasi's
fate at moluccas as as at Kalimantan, since its communication is hard therefore
acknowledged reducing. But actually available local steps just no
documentation.
After Konsili Vatikan II. on year 1979 at keuskupan Ambon was
published to bind books chant with title Let praise , but song that gets
tradition pattern Go To i. or Tanimbar or Ambon doesn't be loaded deep that
book. Book Let praise still
regular is used at Ambon because songbook Faith eulogy haven't a lot of circulating over there. 86
On year 1978 Irian Dignity gets wind, since over there appearance
one anthem suite with Misa's title Maiwana.
After been analyzed this song apparently comes into the world at
Papuan Nugini and is indonesianized at Irian Dignity. One part of misa this
also been loaded deep Faith eulogy. One that circulating over there available
20.000 more copies.
- Inkulturasi in Liturgi's
Songbook Faith Eulogy
As effort commissions Liturgi's Musics, church figures, church
artists, on liturgi's workshop and deliberation and liturgi's musics that is
done gets bearing with Konsili Vatikan's affirmation II. worthy is named in
here is bind books Faith eulogy .
Besides loads one suite of region song that taken from by
liturgi's songbooks already publishes previously this bookmaking also to serve
need thirsty people will mark sense one guidance book for liturgi's song. It
also being backed up by liturgi's constitution rule hit number clean music 117
about liturgi's songbook bookmaking specifically for song Gregorian and simpler song. That edition samples book Gregorian
shall be solved, even has to be made
ready by more publication critical of book already being published after Pius's
Saint update X. Also good if made ready by publication that load simpler song
to be utilized at smaller church. 87
After been published its many liturgi's songbooks in advance,
therefore upon Liturgi's Music Congress III. on year 1980 at prayers book
published Jakarta and chant get title Faith eulogy . Faith eulogy constitute one of form inkulturasi and
Indonesianisasi, a form that corresponds to Konsili Vatikan II.. In Faith
eulogy that load Indonesia
diversity.
Faith eulogy arranged and broadcast by Liturgi Yogyakarta's
Music Center. Besides song at in this book available too a number invocation.
Song in it reflect liturgi's music developing at Indonesian after Konsili
Vatikan II.. One third (more or less 150 songs) of song treasury Faith
eulogy constituting translation song of Europe. Song that is taken over
from western church (song Christmas ,
Maria , Gregorian ).
A third again constitute new creature song by many komponis Indonesian, but
gets Western pattern or get international music genre. And one-third the latest
reflects a zonal typical style Indonesian, Flores's style, Java, Kalimantan,
Pentatonis etcetera.
Zonal style in binds books Faith eulogy this constitutes a chance to celebrate
observance with local region song, so more mengena at heart. Diversity in 450
that song slated that people can choose song at one's will. Faith eulogy giving chance to know song of Indonesia
region, Catholic soul at Indonesian. Christ body unites tribe, therefore may
also Faith eulogy this was
utilized region beyond that pertinent origin is liked.
On Year 1992 are published Suplemen's Faith eulogy with 270 new songs of regions at Indonesian
theretofore one insufficiently been represented. Total Faith eulogy one that is passed round until year 1994 up to
well-nigh two million copies. Severally keuskupan adds special attachment on Faith
eulogy .
About
Faith Eulogy 2000
Since year 1997 Liturgi's Music Center tries to arrange book
refreshings Faith eulogy one that
years published first time 1980. In this refreshing regular keeps 450 songs,
but 52 song substituted by new songs. Besides, numbers, poem and song song Faith
eulogy so long is kept. It is meant
so book Faith eulogy so long gets
to be used stands up with book Faith eulogy new, particularly choir book and accompaniment
book make a abode beneficent. Besides Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music Center opines
that one song already dihapal may not revamp song and its poem because have
become flesh, have become people belonging so get as been sung invocation.
In Faith eulogy edition 2000 it songs Gregorian negated because apparently subtracted being
used, adequately is hard to be sung so substituted by Hymn and Melody . Even at one party a lot of
people that haven't perceived snugly with Hymn, but at any other content party
a number Hymn so current with living the present day. For song enthusiast Gregorian
have available special book that
gets title et Origo's lux PML'S
derivative also.
New song in binds books Faith eulogy 2000 come from 39 arranged Composition workshop by
center Liturgi's Music at various region with is more than 1000 musicians of
keuskupan's sorts. Song are created in company with aims to enrich liturgi with
colour elemental Indonesian tradition musics. 88
So
presumably, church music at Indonesian apparently effloresce continually
corresponds to its task from Konsili Vatikan II. and spontaneous Konperensi
Indonesia Bishop namely to berinkulturasi.
CHAPTER V
SHELL
Conclusion
1. Before Konsili Vatikan II. liturgi's
music at Indonesian have experienced inkulturasi bases permit from keuskupan
Rome, and Konsili Vatikan's afters II. inkulturasi's effort liturgi's music
laboured by better ala, inkulturasi becomes accountability with and Konsili
Vatikan's document becomes source and its guidance.
2. Tribal variety, culture and language
that variably really can become an alone pride for inkulturasi liturgi's music,
but in that process thing can also become a constraint, while exists subject
problem around inkulturasi arising out modern life e.g., mark sense attitude
less price alone culture and tending adopt culture of West.
3. After Konsili Vatikan II.
inkulturasi's activity liturgi's music at Indonesian getting glow, liturgi's
music workshop that arranged results new kreasi kreasi deep liturgi's music as
deep as Faith Eulogy songbook, so not only been known Gregorian's music and
Polifoni Is all this time Clean ordinary is utilized in gets observance.
Tipses
1. liturgi's music at Indonesian everlastingly goes on amends
according to culture and society context that everlastingly dynamic. Study of a
master in Religion comparea severely been required for mengungkap more case of
about problem music liturgi at Indonesian.
2. There is benefit even this research for Islam people is expand
discourse and science about music liturgi to been made material for treasury
development effort Islami's music, as be formed a special body that handle that
music development.
1 Theo Witkamp, Yr. D, “ Primordial christianity hymns in the
context First Century Jew ”, in Discourse Ambasador echo, Church Music
edition (Yogyakarta: Discourse Ambasador echo, 1994), hlm. 16.
2 Ibid. hlm.
18.
3 “ Gregorian is
Kristiani's observance song eldest.” Adolf Heuken SJ's see, I. Volume Church encyclopaedia (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1991), hlm. 399.
4 “Pius x officiates as Pope (1903 - 1914) according to motto it it
wants membaharui everything deep Christ and centralizes its effort on church
problem, advancing liturgi's update and ofisi's invocation.“ Adolf Heuken SJ's
see, Volume Church encyclopaedia IV. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1994), hlm. 12.
5 Karl Edmund Prier SJ. Guidance For Song and Music in Universa Laus's
Document Observance (Yogyakarta:
PML, 1987), hlm. 8.
6 Adolf Heuken SJ, Encyclopaedia Volume church II. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1992), hlm. 59.
7 Adolf Heuken SJ, III. Volume Church encyclopaedia (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1993), hlm. 197.
8 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Domicile Song In Liturgi (Yogyakarta: PML, 1987), hlm. 4.
9 Gabriel Manek SVD, Instruction About Music in Liturgi (Ende: Arnoldus, 1967), hlm. 5.
10 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, directorium About
Liturgi's Music Development at Indonesian (Yogyakarta: Liturgi KWI's commission, 1989),
hlm. 3.
11 JB is kustanto SJ's
Day, Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion
in Javanese culture (Yogyakarta:
Pastoral Yogyakarta's center, 1989), hlm. 8.
12 Jean Yves Calves,
“Inkulturasi's reality ”, in Spritual, XXXIII, No. 8, August 1986, hlm. 266.
13 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song (Yogyakarta: PML, 1986), hlm. 3.
14 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Guidance …. op. cit., hlm. 3.
15 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, loc. cit..
16 Romdon, Religion Comparative Studies methodology:
An Early Introduction (Jakarta: PT.
Grafindo's king Homeland, 1996), hlm. 76 - 77.
17 Sutrisno Hadi, Research's methodology i. Volume (Yogyakarta: Faculty Publisher foundation
UGM'S Psychology, 1998), hlm. 42.
18 Winarno Surakhmad, Scientific Research introduction: Basic,
Method, and Tech (Bandung Tarsito,
1990), hlm 131.
19 “Church music and Stripling
”, in Music in Religious Service at SMP'S Adolescent Commission, at http: //www. gkjmb. or. id. bulletin10
/ tiwi. html., hlm.1.
20 Karl Edmund Prier SJ,
“Church Music developing Until 20th Century ”, in Discourse Ambasador echo, Church
Music edition (Yogyakarta: Discourse Ambasador echo, 1994), hlm. 35 - 36.
21 “Church music and
Stripling,……”, op. cit., hlm.1.
22 Schola are titled for a galaxy
practiced singer.
23 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, “……'s
developing ”. op. cit., hlm.
36.
24 Ibid, hlm.
37.
25 Ibid .
26 Music Klerikal are music that becomes task or one part did by
Cleric (devout men that accepts
tahbisan diakoniat, imanat or keuskupan).
27 “ Profan come from profane's word in english language,
one that terminological lingual meaning gross, improper, as bold as brass. But
in at variance with mean word sacred (clean)
profan secular matter,
ordinary.” John M. Echols's see and Hassan Sadily, Indonesian English dictionary (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1987), hlm. 449.
28 Karl Edmund Prier, “……'s
developing..” op. cit , hlm. 37.
29 Karl Edmund Prier
SJ,”Developing …..… ”, op. cit., hlm. 41.
30 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, I. Music history (Yogyakarta: PML, 1991), hlm. 93.
31 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, “……'s
developing.”, op. cit., hlm. 47 -
49.
32 Devosional are devotional something. Music flow Devosional
are streaming one get divine
observance character keagamaan in its relationship with devotion ,
obedience.
33 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Guidance For Song and Music in Universa
Laus's Document Observance (Yogyakarta: PML, 1987), hlm. 4.
34 Ibid. hlm.
5.
35 JB. Days kustanto SJ, Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion in
Javanese culture (Yogyakarta: PPY,
1989), hlm. 40.
36 R. Hardawiryana SJ, Konsili Vatikan's document II. (Jakarta: Torch, 1993), hlm. V.
37 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. II..
38 R. Hardawiryana, op. cit., hlm. 42.
39 J. Riberu, op. cit., hlm. 38.
40 R. Hardawiryana, loc. cit..
41 Ibid, hlm. 44.
42 Ibid, hlm.
18.
43 Jean Yves Calves, “
Inkulturasi's reality ”,in Spritual , XXXIII year, No. 8.
44 JB. Days kustanto SJ., Inkulturasi is Catholic Religion in
Javanese culture (Yogyakarta: PPY,
1989),hlm. 40.
45 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 122.
46 Liturgi MAWI's commission, “ Inkulturas i. ” in Liturgia's build i. (Jakarta: Torch, 1985), hlm. 19.
47 Adolf Heuken SJ, Volume Church encyclopaedia II. (Jakarta: Foundation Composes Loka Emissary,
1992), hlm. 103.
- sekertariat PWI Liturgi,
Inkulturasi Liturgi (Jakarta: DokPenMawi, 1980), hlm. 219.
-
48
49 7
Communio
in
brotherhoods meaning church unmitigated.
50 Anscar J. Chupungco
OSB, Liturgi's fitting in Culturizes ,
(Yogyakarta: Kanisius,1987), hlm. 11.
51 Aristarchus Sukarto , “ Kontekstualisasi
is Gerejawi's Music: A Teologis's judgment and kultural ” , in Discourse
Ambasador echo no. 48 October Church Music Editions 1996, hlm. 119.
52
Ibid. .
.
53 Antonius K.
Sensibleness, Let singing with at http://www. mudika. com / is inspiration /
myview. PHP? InspID.
.
1 2
Lee Chong Ming, Current
church music: Music Is Not Just Constitute An aesthetical , at http:// www.
gkjmb. or. id / buletin10 / kampmusik. html.
1 3
Aristarchus Sukarto, op. cit., hlm. 122.
1 4
Ibid.
1 5
Ibid.
I
54 Karl Edmund Prier SJ., Inkulturasi is Liturgi's Song (Yogyakarta: PML, 1986), hlm. 11.
55 Ibid., hlm. 11 - 12.
56 Anscar J. Chupungco
OSB, Liturgi's fitting in Culturizes (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1987), hlm. 13.
57 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 123.
58 J. Riberu, Guidance
history crossbar Aims (Jakarta:
Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 38.
59 Ibid, hlm. 39.
60 Ibid.
61 PWI Liturgi's secretariat, Inkulturasi Liturgi (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1980), hlm. 233.
62 Ibid. hlm.
288.
63 R. Hardawiryana, Konsili Vatikan's document II. (Jakarta: Dokpen KWI, Torch, 1993) , hlm. 18.
64 Ibid.
65 J. Riberu, op. cit., hlm. 39 - 40.
66 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, directorium About
Liturgi's Music Development at Indonesian (Yogyakarta: Liturgi KWI's commission, 1989),
hlm. 6.
67 Ibid. hlm.
8
68 Ibid. hlm.
7 - 8.
69 Liturgi KWI's
commission, Liturgi's profile, at http: //www. kawali. org / is liturgi's
profile. html.
70 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 10.
71 Ibid. hlm. 12.
72 Ibid. hlm.
11.
73 Ibid . hlm. 13.
74 Ibid. hlm.
14.
75 Ibid.
76 Adolf Heuken SJ, Volume Church encyclopaedia IV. (Jakarta: Compose Loka Emissary, 1994), hlm.
60 - 61.
77 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 6 - 7.
78 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 39.
79 Commission Music section
Liturgi KWI, op. cit., hlm. 7.
80 Rasid Rachman, Liturgi's history introduction (Tangerang: Dawn star, 1999), hlm. 121.
81 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ….. op. cit., hlm. 9.
82 In Catholic Church besides liturgi's
music known too liturgi's dance , which is liturgi what do at
attraction or form a part of dance a liturgi, even is not each while there is
or be utilized deep misa's celebration.
83 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi …… op. cit., hlm. 10.
84 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ……. op. cit., hlm. 12.
85 Ibid. , hlm. 13.
86 Karl Edmund Prier SJ, Inkulturasi ……. op. cit., hlm. 16.
87 J. Riberu, Guidance history crossbar Aims (Jakarta: Dokpen MAWI, 1983), hlm. 39.
88 Liturgi Yogyakarta's Music
center, Prayer Book Faith eulogy and
Edition Song 2000 (Yogyakarta:
Liturgi's Music center, 2000), hlm. Preface.